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C1 القواعد

C1جمل المشاركة22 دقيقة

جمل المشاركة (participle clauses) والجمل المختصرة

Participle clauses and reduced clauses

اجعل كتابتك أكثر إحكامًا بجمل المشاركة بصيغة -ing و-ed والتامة، وتجنّب المشاركة المعلّقة (dangling participles).

تحل جمل المشاركة محل جملة أطول باسم فاعل أو مفعول، فتصبح الجملة أقصر وأكثر أناقة. وهي من سمات الكتابة المتقدمة، إذ تعبّر عن الزمن أو السبب أو النتيجة أو الوصف دون أداة ربط. والقاعدة الأساسية هي أن فاعل جملة المشاركة يجب أن يكون هو نفسه فاعل الجملة الرئيسة (subject of the participle clause must be the same as the subject of the main clause).

الصيغةالمعنىمثال
-ing (present participle)action at the same time, or causeWalking along the shore, we saw a dolphin.
Perfect participle: having + -edaction completed firstHaving checked the report twice, Lena felt confident.
-ed (past participle)passive meaningBuilt in the early nineteenth century, the mill is now a museum.
Being + noun / adjectivereason (because ... is / was)Being a keen gardener, he knew exactly when to plant.
Not + participlenegativeNot knowing the way, we asked a passer-by.
With + noun + participlebackground detailWith the budget approved, the project could begin.
Noun + participle (absolute)formal background detailThe task completed, everyone went home.

جمل الصلة المختصرة

يمكن اختصار جملة الصلة بحذف الضمير الموصول والفعل المساعد. فـ The woman who is sitting by the window تصبح the woman sitting by the window، وـ the paintings that were damaged in the flood تصبح the paintings damaged in the flood. استخدم صيغة -ing للمعنى المبني للمعلوم وصيغة -ed للمعنى المبني للمجهول.

  • Faced with a tight deadline, the team worked through the weekend.
  • The delegates opposing the proposal were asked to submit forms.
  • Written in a hurry, the letter contained several errors.
  • Not wanting to be late, she took a taxi.

التمرين 1 من 2

اختر الصيغة الصحيحة

اختر الخيار الذي يكمل كل جملة بشكل صحيح.

  1. _____ the report twice, Lena was confident there were no errors.

  2. _____ in the early nineteenth century, the mill is now a museum.

  3. Which sentence is correct?

  4. The delegates _____ the proposal were asked to submit forms.

  5. _____ with a tight deadline, the team worked through the weekend.

  6. With the budget _____, the project could finally begin.

  7. _____ any experience, he found it hard to get an interview.

  8. The package, _____ yesterday, still has not been delivered.

تمت الإجابة عن 0 من 8

التمرين 2 من 2

أكمل الجمل

اكتب صيغة المشاركة الصحيحة للفعل الموجود بين القوسين، مع إضافة Not أو Having أو Being عند الحاجة.

  1. (finish) their exams, the students left the hall.

  2. The woman (sit) by the window is my aunt.

  3. (not / know) the way, we asked a passer-by.

  4. Most of the paintings (damage) in the flood were restored.

  5. (write) in a hurry, the letter contained several mistakes.

  6. The task (complete), everyone went home.

  7. Not (want) to be late, she took a taxi.

  8. (be) a keen gardener, he knew exactly when to plant.

تمت الإجابة عن 0 من 8

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