Joy English
Joy English

C1 Gramática

C1Oraciones de participio22 min

Oraciones de participio y oraciones reducidas

Participle clauses and reduced clauses

Haz tu escritura más concisa con oraciones de participio en -ing, en -ed y de participio perfecto, y evita los participios sin sujeto lógico (dangling participles).

Las oraciones de participio sustituyen una oración más larga por un participio, de modo que la frase resulta más corta y elegante. Son típicas de la escritura avanzada, donde expresan tiempo, causa, resultado o descripción sin conjunción. La regla clave es que el sujeto de la oración de participio debe ser el mismo que el de la oración principal (subject of the participle clause must be the same as the subject of the main clause).

FormaSignificadoEjemplo
-ing (present participle)action at the same time, or causeWalking along the shore, we saw a dolphin.
Perfect participle: having + -edaction completed firstHaving checked the report twice, Lena felt confident.
-ed (past participle)passive meaningBuilt in the early nineteenth century, the mill is now a museum.
Being + noun / adjectivereason (because ... is / was)Being a keen gardener, he knew exactly when to plant.
Not + participlenegativeNot knowing the way, we asked a passer-by.
With + noun + participlebackground detailWith the budget approved, the project could begin.
Noun + participle (absolute)formal background detailThe task completed, everyone went home.

Oraciones de relativo reducidas

Una oración de relativo puede reducirse eliminando el pronombre y el auxiliar. The woman who is sitting by the window pasa a ser the woman sitting by the window, y the paintings that were damaged in the flood pasa a ser the paintings damaged in the flood. Usa la forma -ing para el significado activo y la forma -ed para el significado pasivo.

  • Faced with a tight deadline, the team worked through the weekend.
  • The delegates opposing the proposal were asked to submit forms.
  • Written in a hurry, the letter contained several errors.
  • Not wanting to be late, she took a taxi.

Ejercicio 1 de 2

Elige la forma correcta

Elige la opción que complete correctamente cada oración.

  1. _____ the report twice, Lena was confident there were no errors.

  2. _____ in the early nineteenth century, the mill is now a museum.

  3. Which sentence is correct?

  4. The delegates _____ the proposal were asked to submit forms.

  5. _____ with a tight deadline, the team worked through the weekend.

  6. With the budget _____, the project could finally begin.

  7. _____ any experience, he found it hard to get an interview.

  8. The package, _____ yesterday, still has not been delivered.

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Ejercicio 2 de 2

Completa las oraciones

Escribe la forma de participio correcta del verbo entre paréntesis, añadiendo Not, Having o Being si hace falta.

  1. (finish) their exams, the students left the hall.

  2. The woman (sit) by the window is my aunt.

  3. (not / know) the way, we asked a passer-by.

  4. Most of the paintings (damage) in the flood were restored.

  5. (write) in a hurry, the letter contained several mistakes.

  6. The task (complete), everyone went home.

  7. Not (want) to be late, she took a taxi.

  8. (be) a keen gardener, he knew exactly when to plant.

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Fuente

Lección original de Joy English.

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