C1الحذف20 دقيقة

الحذف والاستبدال

Ellipsis and substitution

تجنّب التكرار باستخدام so وnot وdo so وone/ones والمصادر المختصرة والردود التي تقتصر على الفعل المساعد.

نادرًا ما يكرر المتحدثون الطليقون كلمات يعرفها المستمع بالفعل. يعني الحذف (Ellipsis) ترك كلمات، ويعني الاستبدال (substitution) وضع كلمة قصيرة مكانها مثل so, not, one or do. كلاهما يجعل الكلام والكتابة أكثر طبيعية، لكن عليك أن تُبقي معلومات كافية ليظل المعنى واضحًا.

الأداة	الاستخدام	مثال
so / not after hope, think, expect, be afraid	replace a whole clause	Will it rain? I hope not. / I'm afraid so.
do so	replace a verb phrase, formal	Anyone wishing to leave early may do so quietly.
one / ones	replace a countable noun	Shall I buy the red apples or the green ones?
Reduced infinitive with to	leave out the rest of an infinitive	I haven't visited Rome, but I'd love to.
Auxiliary only	leave out the main verb	Nadia enjoys running, and so does her brother.
Neither / nor + auxiliary	agree with a negative	Ravi hasn't read it, nor has Aiko.
the former / the latter	refer back to two items	The architect and the engineer worked together; the former designed the roof.

مع think, believe, suppose وexpect هناك صيغتان للنفي: I don't think so أشيع من I think not، بينما I hope not وI'm afraid not لا بديل لهما. وعندما تحذف جزءًا من المقارنة فأبقِ الفعل المساعد: Her first novel sold far better than her second did. هنا حلّ did محل الفعل المكرر sold، وحُذفت novel بعد second.

These shoes are too small. Do you have a bigger pair, or one in black?
She promised to call, but she didn't, and I didn't expect her to.
Will the museum be open on Sunday? I don't think so.
She can play the piano, and her sister can too.

المصدر

درس أصلي من Joy English.

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