Joy English
Joy English

C1 Grammatica

C1Proposizioni participiali22 min

Proposizioni participiali e proposizioni ridotte

Participle clauses and reduced clauses

Rendi la scrittura più concisa con le proposizioni participiali in -ing, -ed e al perfetto, ed evita i participi sospesi.

Le proposizioni participiali sostituiscono una proposizione più lunga con un participio, così la frase diventa più breve ed elegante. Sono tipiche della scrittura avanzata, dove esprimono tempo, causa, risultato o descrizione senza una congiunzione. La regola fondamentale è che il subject of the participle clause must be the same as the subject of the main clause.

FormaSignificatoEsempio
-ing (present participle)action at the same time, or causeWalking along the shore, we saw a dolphin.
Perfect participle: having + -edaction completed firstHaving checked the report twice, Lena felt confident.
-ed (past participle)passive meaningBuilt in the early nineteenth century, the mill is now a museum.
Being + noun / adjectivereason (because ... is / was)Being a keen gardener, he knew exactly when to plant.
Not + participlenegativeNot knowing the way, we asked a passer-by.
With + noun + participlebackground detailWith the budget approved, the project could begin.
Noun + participle (absolute)formal background detailThe task completed, everyone went home.

Proposizioni relative ridotte

Una proposizione relativa può essere ridotta eliminando il pronome e l'ausiliare. The woman who is sitting by the window diventa the woman sitting by the window, e the paintings that were damaged in the flood diventa the paintings damaged in the flood. Usa la forma in -ing per il significato attivo e la forma in -ed per il significato passivo.

  • Faced with a tight deadline, the team worked through the weekend.
  • The delegates opposing the proposal were asked to submit forms.
  • Written in a hurry, the letter contained several errors.
  • Not wanting to be late, she took a taxi.

Esercizio 1 di 2

Scegli la forma corretta

Scegli l'opzione che completa correttamente ogni frase.

  1. _____ the report twice, Lena was confident there were no errors.

  2. _____ in the early nineteenth century, the mill is now a museum.

  3. Which sentence is correct?

  4. The delegates _____ the proposal were asked to submit forms.

  5. _____ with a tight deadline, the team worked through the weekend.

  6. With the budget _____, the project could finally begin.

  7. _____ any experience, he found it hard to get an interview.

  8. The package, _____ yesterday, still has not been delivered.

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Esercizio 2 di 2

Completa le proposizioni

Scrivi la forma corretta del participio del verbo tra parentesi, aggiungendo Not, Having o Being se necessario.

  1. (finish) their exams, the students left the hall.

  2. The woman (sit) by the window is my aunt.

  3. (not / know) the way, we asked a passer-by.

  4. Most of the paintings (damage) in the flood were restored.

  5. (write) in a hurry, the letter contained several mistakes.

  6. The task (complete), everyone went home.

  7. Not (want) to be late, she took a taxi.

  8. (be) a keen gardener, he knew exactly when to plant.

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Fonte

Lezione originale di Joy English.

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