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C1 文法

C1分詞節22分

分詞節と短縮された節

Participle clauses and reduced clauses

-ing、-ed、完了分詞の分詞節を使って文章を引き締め、懸垂分詞を避けましょう。

分詞節は、長めの節を分詞で置き換えるので、文が短くよりすっきりします。接続詞なしで時、理由、結果、描写を表せるため、上級レベルの文章の特徴です。重要なルールは、subject of the participle clause must be the same as the subject of the main clause（分詞節の主語は主節の主語と同じでなければならない）ということです。

形意味例
-ing (present participle)action at the same time, or causeWalking along the shore, we saw a dolphin.
Perfect participle: having + -edaction completed firstHaving checked the report twice, Lena felt confident.
-ed (past participle)passive meaningBuilt in the early nineteenth century, the mill is now a museum.
Being + noun / adjectivereason (because ... is / was)Being a keen gardener, he knew exactly when to plant.
Not + participlenegativeNot knowing the way, we asked a passer-by.
With + noun + participlebackground detailWith the budget approved, the project could begin.
Noun + participle (absolute)formal background detailThe task completed, everyone went home.

短縮された関係節

関係節は、関係代名詞と助動詞を取り除いて短縮できます。The woman who is sitting by the window はthe woman sitting by the windowに、the paintings that were damaged in the flood はthe paintings damaged in the floodになります。能動の意味には -ing 形、受動の意味には -ed 形を使います。

  • Faced with a tight deadline, the team worked through the weekend.
  • The delegates opposing the proposal were asked to submit forms.
  • Written in a hurry, the letter contained several errors.
  • Not wanting to be late, she took a taxi.

練習問題 1/2

正しい形を選ぼう

各文を正しく完成させる選択肢を選んでください。

  1. _____ the report twice, Lena was confident there were no errors.

  2. _____ in the early nineteenth century, the mill is now a museum.

  3. Which sentence is correct?

  4. The delegates _____ the proposal were asked to submit forms.

  5. _____ with a tight deadline, the team worked through the weekend.

  6. With the budget _____, the project could finally begin.

  7. _____ any experience, he found it hard to get an interview.

  8. The package, _____ yesterday, still has not been delivered.

8問中0問回答

練習問題 2/2

節を完成させよう

かっこ内の動詞を正しい分詞の形にして入力しましょう。必要に応じて Not、Having、Being を加えてください。

  1. (finish) their exams, the students left the hall.

  2. The woman (sit) by the window is my aunt.

  3. (not / know) the way, we asked a passer-by.

  4. Most of the paintings (damage) in the flood were restored.

  5. (write) in a hurry, the letter contained several mistakes.

  6. The task (complete), everyone went home.

  7. Not (want) to be late, she took a taxi.

  8. (be) a keen gardener, he knew exactly when to plant.

8問中0問回答

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