C1 القواعد

C1الصيغة الافتراضية22 دقيقة

الصيغة الافتراضية (subjunctive) والصيغ الافتراضية الرسمية

The subjunctive and formal hypothetical forms

استخدم الصيغة الافتراضية بالمصدر المجرد وwere وصيغ الماضي للدلالة على غير الواقعي في الحاضر في الإنجليزية الرسمية الرفيعة.

في الإنجليزية نظام للصيغة الافتراضية (subjunctive) صغير لكنه مهم. وهي تظهر في الكتابة الرسمية والقواعد الرسمية والتعابير الثابتة، وتدل على أن شيئًا ما مطلوب أو موصى به أو افتراضي أو غير واقعي. وغالبًا ما ينتبه إليها المتعلمون لأن الفعل يبقى في صيغته المجردة حتى بعد he وshe وit: that every pupil be silent وthat she arrive on time.

الاستخدامالنمطمثال
Demands and recommendationsverb of request + that + subject + base formThe teacher demanded that every pupil be silent.
Adjectives of importanceessential / vital / crucial that + base formIt is essential that the patient remain calm.
Passive versionthat + subject + be + past participleThe rules require that a form be completed before entry.
Unreal situationif / as if / as though + wereHe talks as though he were the owner of the company.
Formal conditionalWere + subject + to ...Were she to accept the offer, she would move abroad.
Preference about otherswould rather + subject + past simpleI'd rather you didn't park here.
Time to actit's (high) time + past simpleIt's high time the council began the repairs.
Fixed expressionsbe that as it may / far be it from meBe that as it may, we must respect the decision.

في الإنجليزية البريطانية كثيرًا ما تسمع should بدلًا من الصيغة المجردة: It is essential that the patient should remain calm. كلتاهما صحيحة، ويستخدم كثير من المتحدثين أيضًا المضارع العادي، لكن في الكتابة الرسمية والامتحانات تظل الصيغة المجردة هي الخيار الأسلم. وبعد would rather وit's time يحمل الماضي البسيط معنى الحاضر أو المستقبل لا الماضي: I'd rather you left now تعني أريدك أن تغادر الآن.

  • The committee requested that the report be submitted by noon.
  • Far be it from me to criticise, but the plan has flaws.
  • If it were not for her support, I would not be here today.
  • She behaves as if she owned the whole building.

التمرين 1 من 2

اختر الصيغة الصحيحة

اختر الخيار الذي يكمل كل جملة بشكل صحيح.

  1. The committee requested that the report _____ submitted by noon.

  2. I'd rather you _____ anything about the surprise yet.

  3. It's high time the council _____ the repairs.

  4. He talks as though he _____ the owner of the company, although he joined last week.

  5. Which sentence uses the formal subjunctive?

  6. Be that as it _____, we must respect the decision.

  7. Were she _____ the offer, she would have to move abroad.

  8. If it _____ not for her support, I would not be here today.

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التمرين 2 من 2

أكمل الجمل

اكتب الكلمة أو الصيغة الناقصة. استخدم الصيغة الافتراضية الرسمية حيث يناسب ذلك.

  1. It is essential that the patient (remain) calm.

  2. The teacher demanded that every pupil (be) silent.

  3. I'd rather you (not / park) here.

  4. It's time we (leave); the last bus goes soon.

  5. it not for the rain, we would be having a perfect day.

  6. Far it from me to criticise, but the plan has flaws.

  7. She behaves as if she (own) the whole building.

  8. The rules require that a form (complete) before entry.

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المصدر

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