Joy English
Joy English

C1 Grammatica

C1Congiuntivo22 min

Il congiuntivo e le forme ipotetiche formali

The subjunctive and formal hypothetical forms

Usa il congiuntivo in forma base, were e le forme del passato per un significato irreale riferito al presente nell'inglese formale e ricercato.

L'inglese ha un sistema di subjunctive (congiuntivo) piccolo ma importante. Compare nella scrittura formale, nei regolamenti ufficiali e nelle espressioni fisse, e segnala che qualcosa è richiesto, raccomandato, ipotetico o non reale. Chi studia di solito lo nota perché il verbo resta nella forma base, anche dopo he, she o it: that every pupil be silent, that she arrive on time.

UsoCostruzioneEsempio
Demands and recommendationsverb of request + that + subject + base formThe teacher demanded that every pupil be silent.
Adjectives of importanceessential / vital / crucial that + base formIt is essential that the patient remain calm.
Passive versionthat + subject + be + past participleThe rules require that a form be completed before entry.
Unreal situationif / as if / as though + wereHe talks as though he were the owner of the company.
Formal conditionalWere + subject + to ...Were she to accept the offer, she would move abroad.
Preference about otherswould rather + subject + past simpleI'd rather you didn't park here.
Time to actit's (high) time + past simpleIt's high time the council began the repairs.
Fixed expressionsbe that as it may / far be it from meBe that as it may, we must respect the decision.

Nell'inglese britannico si sente spesso should al posto della forma base: It is essential that the patient should remain calm. Entrambe sono corrette, e molti parlanti usano anche il normale presente, ma nella scrittura formale e negli esami la forma base è la scelta più sicura. Dopo would rather e it's time, il past simple ha un significato presente o futuro, non passato: I'd rather you left now significa I want you to leave now.

  • The committee requested that the report be submitted by noon.
  • Far be it from me to criticise, but the plan has flaws.
  • If it were not for her support, I would not be here today.
  • She behaves as if she owned the whole building.

Esercizio 1 di 2

Scegli la forma corretta

Scegli l'opzione che completa correttamente ogni frase.

  1. The committee requested that the report _____ submitted by noon.

  2. I'd rather you _____ anything about the surprise yet.

  3. It's high time the council _____ the repairs.

  4. He talks as though he _____ the owner of the company, although he joined last week.

  5. Which sentence uses the formal subjunctive?

  6. Be that as it _____, we must respect the decision.

  7. Were she _____ the offer, she would have to move abroad.

  8. If it _____ not for her support, I would not be here today.

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Esercizio 2 di 2

Completa le frasi

Scrivi la parola o la forma mancante. Usa il congiuntivo formale dove è appropriato.

  1. It is essential that the patient (remain) calm.

  2. The teacher demanded that every pupil (be) silent.

  3. I'd rather you (not / park) here.

  4. It's time we (leave); the last bus goes soon.

  5. it not for the rain, we would be having a perfect day.

  6. Far it from me to criticise, but the plan has flaws.

  7. She behaves as if she (own) the whole building.

  8. The rules require that a form (complete) before entry.

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Fonte

Lezione originale di Joy English.

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