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C1 文法

C1仮定法22分

仮定法と改まった仮定表現

The subjunctive and formal hypothetical forms

改まった格調高い英語では、原形の仮定法、were、そして現在の非現実を表す過去形を使います。

英語には、小さいながらも重要なsubjunctive（仮定法）の仕組みがあります。改まった文章、公式の規則、決まり文句に現れ、何かが要求されている、勧められている、仮定である、または現実ではないことを示します。学習者は、he、she、it の後でも動詞が原形のままであることで気づくのが普通です：that every pupil be silent、that she arrive on time。

使い方パターン例
Demands and recommendationsverb of request + that + subject + base formThe teacher demanded that every pupil be silent.
Adjectives of importanceessential / vital / crucial that + base formIt is essential that the patient remain calm.
Passive versionthat + subject + be + past participleThe rules require that a form be completed before entry.
Unreal situationif / as if / as though + wereHe talks as though he were the owner of the company.
Formal conditionalWere + subject + to ...Were she to accept the offer, she would move abroad.
Preference about otherswould rather + subject + past simpleI'd rather you didn't park here.
Time to actit's (high) time + past simpleIt's high time the council began the repairs.
Fixed expressionsbe that as it may / far be it from meBe that as it may, we must respect the decision.

イギリス英語では、原形の代わりにshouldがよく使われます：It is essential that the patient should remain calm. どちらも正しく、普通の現在形を使う話者も多くいますが、改まった文章や試験では原形が最も安全な選択です。would ratherとit's timeの後では、過去形は過去ではなく現在や未来の意味になります：I'd rather you left now は「今すぐ帰ってほしい」という意味です。

  • The committee requested that the report be submitted by noon.
  • Far be it from me to criticise, but the plan has flaws.
  • If it were not for her support, I would not be here today.
  • She behaves as if she owned the whole building.

練習問題 1/2

正しい形を選ぼう

各文を正しく完成させる選択肢を選んでください。

  1. The committee requested that the report _____ submitted by noon.

  2. I'd rather you _____ anything about the surprise yet.

  3. It's high time the council _____ the repairs.

  4. He talks as though he _____ the owner of the company, although he joined last week.

  5. Which sentence uses the formal subjunctive?

  6. Be that as it _____, we must respect the decision.

  7. Were she _____ the offer, she would have to move abroad.

  8. If it _____ not for her support, I would not be here today.

8問中0問回答

練習問題 2/2

文を完成させよう

空所に入る語または形を入力しましょう。適切な場所では、改まった仮定法を使ってください。

  1. It is essential that the patient (remain) calm.

  2. The teacher demanded that every pupil (be) silent.

  3. I'd rather you (not / park) here.

  4. It's time we (leave); the last bus goes soon.

  5. it not for the rain, we would be having a perfect day.

  6. Far it from me to criticise, but the plan has flaws.

  7. She behaves as if she (own) the whole building.

  8. The rules require that a form (complete) before entry.

8問中0問回答

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