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B2 القواعد

B2الأزمنة15 دقيقة

الماضي التام البسيط والمستمر

Past perfect simple and continuous

وضّح أي حدث ماضٍ وقع أولًا، وتحدّث عن أنشطة كانت جارية قبل لحظة في الماضي.

عندما نروي قصة في الماضي نحتاج أحيانًا إلى الرجوع أكثر في الزمن. يوضح الماضي التام (past perfect) أن فعلًا حدث قبل فعل ماضٍ آخر أو قبل وقت محدد في الماضي.

الصيغةالبنيةالتركيز والمثال
Past perfect simplehad + past participleA completed action or result: When we arrived, the film had already started.
Past perfect continuoushad been + -ingAn activity in progress, or how long it lasted: Ines had been waiting for an hour when the bus came.
Negativehadn't + past participle / hadn't been + -ingI hadn't met him before the wedding.
Questionhad + subject + past participle / been + -ingHad you been working there long?

قارن بين الصيغتين. She had painted the room تخبرنا أن العمل انتهى. أما She had been painting the room فتركز على النشاط، وغالبًا لتفسير شيء لاحظناه: كان هناك طلاء على ملابسها. ونستخدم الصيغة المستمرة كثيرًا مع for وsince لإظهار المدة.

هل هو ضروري دائمًا؟

إذا كان ترتيب الأحداث واضحًا أصلًا، مثلًا مع before أو after، فغالبًا يكفي الماضي البسيط: After she locked the door, she went to bed. لكن مع when يغيّر اختيار الزمن المعنى.

  • When I got to the platform, the train left. (I saw it leave.)
  • When I got to the platform, the train had left. (It was already gone.)
  • Yusuf was exhausted because he had been studying all night.
  • By the time the guests arrived, we had prepared everything.
  • The streets were wet. It had been raining.

التمرين 1 من 2

اختر الصيغة الصحيحة

اختر أفضل خيار لإكمال كل جملة.

  1. When we reached the cinema, the film _____, so we missed the beginning.

  2. Her eyes were red because she _____ onions.

  3. I didn't recognise Omar at first. I _____ him for ten years.

  4. By the time Leila retired, she _____ at the same school for 35 years.

  5. They _____ each other for years before they started the business.

  6. The ground was wet. It _____ all night.

  7. How long _____ before you found a job?

  8. When I opened the fridge, I saw that someone _____ all the cheese.

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التمرين 2 من 2

اكتب الماضي التام

اكتب صيغة الماضي التام البسيط أو الماضي التام المستمر للفعل الموجود بين القوسين.

  1. When Amara got home, she realised she (leave) her keys at the office.

  2. Leo (fix) the old radio all morning, but it still didn't work.

  3. I (never / see) snow before I moved to Canada.

  4. By the end of the day, Tariq (write) twelve emails.

  5. She (not / eat) anything since breakfast, so she was very hungry.

  6. Yuki (read) the novel for a week, but she was still only on page 50.

  7. Ines was out of breath because she (run) for the bus.

  8. They (know) each other for ten years when they got married.

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