Joy English
Joy English

B2 Grammatica

B2Tempi verbali15 min

Past perfect semplice e continuo

Past perfect simple and continuous

Mostra quale evento passato è avvenuto prima e parla di attività in corso prima di un momento passato.

Quando raccontiamo una storia al passato, a volte dobbiamo andare ancora più indietro nel tempo. Il past perfect mostra che un'azione è avvenuta prima di un'altra azione passata o prima di un momento preciso del passato.

FormaStrutturaFocus ed esempio
Past perfect simplehad + past participleA completed action or result: When we arrived, the film had already started.
Past perfect continuoushad been + -ingAn activity in progress, or how long it lasted: Ines had been waiting for an hour when the bus came.
Negativehadn't + past participle / hadn't been + -ingI hadn't met him before the wedding.
Questionhad + subject + past participle / been + -ingHad you been working there long?

Confronta le due forme. She had painted the room ci dice che il lavoro era finito. She had been painting the room si concentra sull'attività, spesso per spiegare qualcosa che abbiamo notato: c'era della vernice sui suoi vestiti. Usiamo spesso la forma continua con for e since per mostrare la durata.

È sempre necessario?

Se l'ordine degli eventi è già chiaro, per esempio con before o after, spesso basta il past simple: After she locked the door, she went to bed. Ma con when, la scelta del tempo verbale cambia il significato.

  • When I got to the platform, the train left. (I saw it leave.)
  • When I got to the platform, the train had left. (It was already gone.)
  • Yusuf was exhausted because he had been studying all night.
  • By the time the guests arrived, we had prepared everything.
  • The streets were wet. It had been raining.

Esercizio 1 di 2

Scegli la forma corretta

Scegli l'opzione migliore per completare ogni frase.

  1. When we reached the cinema, the film _____, so we missed the beginning.

  2. Her eyes were red because she _____ onions.

  3. I didn't recognise Omar at first. I _____ him for ten years.

  4. By the time Leila retired, she _____ at the same school for 35 years.

  5. They _____ each other for years before they started the business.

  6. The ground was wet. It _____ all night.

  7. How long _____ before you found a job?

  8. When I opened the fridge, I saw that someone _____ all the cheese.

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Esercizio 2 di 2

Scrivi il past perfect

Scrivi la forma del past perfect semplice o del past perfect continuo del verbo tra parentesi.

  1. When Amara got home, she realised she (leave) her keys at the office.

  2. Leo (fix) the old radio all morning, but it still didn't work.

  3. I (never / see) snow before I moved to Canada.

  4. By the end of the day, Tariq (write) twelve emails.

  5. She (not / eat) anything since breakfast, so she was very hungry.

  6. Yuki (read) the novel for a week, but she was still only on page 50.

  7. Ines was out of breath because she (run) for the bus.

  8. They (know) each other for ten years when they got married.

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Fonte

Lezione originale di Joy English.

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