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Joy English

B2 문법

B2시제15분

과거완료 단순형과 진행형

Past perfect simple and continuous

과거에 먼저 일어난 일을 나타내고, 과거의 한 시점 이전에 진행 중이던 활동에 대해 말합니다.

과거의 이야기를 할 때 시간을 더 거슬러 올라가야 할 때가 있습니다. past perfect(과거완료)는 어떤 행동이 다른 과거의 행동보다, 또는 과거의 특정 시점보다 먼저 일어났음을 나타냅니다.

형태구조초점과 예문
Past perfect simplehad + past participleA completed action or result: When we arrived, the film had already started.
Past perfect continuoushad been + -ingAn activity in progress, or how long it lasted: Ines had been waiting for an hour when the bus came.
Negativehadn't + past participle / hadn't been + -ingI hadn't met him before the wedding.
Questionhad + subject + past participle / been + -ingHad you been working there long?

두 형태를 비교해 보세요. She had painted the room은 작업이 끝났음을 알려 줍니다. She had been painting the room은 활동 자체에 초점을 두며, 우리가 알아챈 것을 설명할 때 자주 씁니다: 그녀의 옷에 페인트가 묻어 있었습니다. 기간을 나타내기 위해 for, since와 함께 진행형을 자주 사용합니다.

항상 필요할까요?

before나 after처럼 사건의 순서가 이미 분명하면 과거형으로 충분한 경우가 많습니다: After she locked the door, she went to bed. 하지만 when과 함께 쓰면 시제 선택에 따라 의미가 달라집니다.

  • When I got to the platform, the train left. (I saw it leave.)
  • When I got to the platform, the train had left. (It was already gone.)
  • Yusuf was exhausted because he had been studying all night.
  • By the time the guests arrived, we had prepared everything.
  • The streets were wet. It had been raining.

연습 1 / 2

알맞은 형태 고르기

각 문장을 완성하는 가장 알맞은 것을 고르세요.

  1. When we reached the cinema, the film _____, so we missed the beginning.

  2. Her eyes were red because she _____ onions.

  3. I didn't recognise Omar at first. I _____ him for ten years.

  4. By the time Leila retired, she _____ at the same school for 35 years.

  5. They _____ each other for years before they started the business.

  6. The ground was wet. It _____ all night.

  7. How long _____ before you found a job?

  8. When I opened the fridge, I saw that someone _____ all the cheese.

8문제 중 0문제 답함

연습 2 / 2

과거완료 쓰기

괄호 안 동사의 과거완료 단순형 또는 과거완료 진행형을 입력하세요.

  1. When Amara got home, she realised she (leave) her keys at the office.

  2. Leo (fix) the old radio all morning, but it still didn't work.

  3. I (never / see) snow before I moved to Canada.

  4. By the end of the day, Tariq (write) twelve emails.

  5. She (not / eat) anything since breakfast, so she was very hungry.

  6. Yuki (read) the novel for a week, but she was still only on page 50.

  7. Ines was out of breath because she (run) for the bus.

  8. They (know) each other for ten years when they got married.

8문제 중 0문제 답함

출처

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