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B2 文法

B2時制15分

過去完了形と過去完了進行形

Past perfect simple and continuous

過去のどの出来事が先に起きたかを示し、過去のある時点より前に進行していた活動について話します。

過去の話をするとき、さらに前の時点にさかのぼる必要があることがあります。past perfect（過去完了）は、ある行為が、別の過去の行為より前、または過去の特定の時点より前に起きたことを示します。

形構造焦点と例
Past perfect simplehad + past participleA completed action or result: When we arrived, the film had already started.
Past perfect continuoushad been + -ingAn activity in progress, or how long it lasted: Ines had been waiting for an hour when the bus came.
Negativehadn't + past participle / hadn't been + -ingI hadn't met him before the wedding.
Questionhad + subject + past participle / been + -ingHad you been working there long?

2つの形を比べてみましょう。She had painted the room は、作業が終わったことを伝えます。She had been painting the room は活動そのものに焦点を当て、気づいたこと（服にペンキが付いていた）を説明するためによく使われます。継続を表すために、進行形を for や since と一緒によく使います。

いつも必要？

before や after などで出来事の順序がすでに明らかな場合は、過去形だけで十分なことがよくあります。After she locked the door, she went to bed. ただし when の場合は、時制の選び方で意味が変わります。

  • When I got to the platform, the train left. (I saw it leave.)
  • When I got to the platform, the train had left. (It was already gone.)
  • Yusuf was exhausted because he had been studying all night.
  • By the time the guests arrived, we had prepared everything.
  • The streets were wet. It had been raining.

練習問題 1/2

正しい形を選ぼう

それぞれの文を完成させるために、最も適切な選択肢を選んでください。

  1. When we reached the cinema, the film _____, so we missed the beginning.

  2. Her eyes were red because she _____ onions.

  3. I didn't recognise Omar at first. I _____ him for ten years.

  4. By the time Leila retired, she _____ at the same school for 35 years.

  5. They _____ each other for years before they started the business.

  6. The ground was wet. It _____ all night.

  7. How long _____ before you found a job?

  8. When I opened the fridge, I saw that someone _____ all the cheese.

8問中0問回答

練習問題 2/2

過去完了を書こう

かっこ内の動詞の過去完了形（単純形）または過去完了進行形を入力してください。

  1. When Amara got home, she realised she (leave) her keys at the office.

  2. Leo (fix) the old radio all morning, but it still didn't work.

  3. I (never / see) snow before I moved to Canada.

  4. By the end of the day, Tariq (write) twelve emails.

  5. She (not / eat) anything since breakfast, so she was very hungry.

  6. Yuki (read) the novel for a week, but she was still only on page 50.

  7. Ines was out of breath because she (run) for the bus.

  8. They (know) each other for ten years when they got married.

8問中0問回答

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