Joy English
Joy English

B1 Gramática

B1Verbos modales15 min

Obligación y consejo: must, have to, should

Obligation and advice: must, have to, should

Expresa lo que es necesario, lo que no es necesario, lo que no está permitido y lo que es una buena idea.

Must, have to y should van siempre antes de la forma base de un verbo. Muestran la fuerza de una obligación o de un consejo. Después de must y should, nunca usamos to.

FormaSignificadoEjemplo
muststrong obligation, often the speaker's own feeling, or a written ruleI must call my mum tonight. It's her birthday.
have to / has toobligation from outside: rules, laws, timetables, jobsNurses have to work at night sometimes.
mustn'tit is not allowed, so don't do itYou mustn't use your phone during the exam.
don't have toit isn't necessary, but you can if you wantYou don't have to bring food. Lunch is included.
should / shouldn'tadvice: a good or bad ideaYou should try the soup. It's delicious.

Must no tiene forma de pasado ni de futuro, así que usamos have to para otros tiempos: I had to wait for an hour yesterday. We'll have to leave early tomorrow. Las preguntas y las negaciones con have to necesitan do, does o did: Do you have to wear a uniform?

¿Mustn't o don't have to?

Estas dos formas se parecen, pero sus significados son muy distintos. Mustn't significa que algo no está permitido. Don't have to significa que no hay obligación: puedes elegir.

  • You mustn't swim here. The water is dangerous.
  • You don't have to swim if you're tired. You can sit on the beach.
  • Aiko has to get up at 5 a.m. because her shift starts at six.
  • You should drink more water when it's hot.
  • We didn't have to pay for the concert. It was free.

Ejercicio 1 de 2

Elige la mejor forma

Elige la opción que mejor complete cada oración.

  1. You _____ touch the paintings. It's against the museum rules.

  2. It's Saturday tomorrow, so I _____ get up early.

  3. You look tired. You _____ go to bed earlier.

  4. Yesterday Kofi _____ work late because his colleague was ill.

  5. _____ you have to wear a uniform at your school?

  6. Visitors _____ show their ticket at the entrance. That's the rule.

  7. You _____ eat so much sugar. It's bad for your teeth.

  8. Lena _____ take the bus to work. She lives very close to her office.

0 de 8 respondidas

Ejercicio 2 de 2

Escribe la forma correcta

Escribe la forma correcta de las palabras entre paréntesis.

  1. My sister is a doctor, so she (have to) work at weekends sometimes.

  2. We (not / have to) wait long at the airport last night. Our bags came quickly.

  3. You (must / not) tell anyone. It's a secret!

  4. You (should / not) leave your bike outside. Someone might take it.

  5. Students (not / have to) buy the books. The school gives them for free.

  6. (do) Ravi have to work tomorrow?

  7. When I was a child, I (have to) share a bedroom with my two brothers.

  8. Next year, Mina (will / have to) take the bus because her school is moving.

0 de 8 respondidas

Fuente

Lección original de Joy English.

Los niveles son orientativos. ¿Has encontrado un error? Cuéntanoslo en la página de Contacto.