Joy English
Joy English

B1 Grammatica

B1Verbi modali15 min

Obbligo e consiglio: must, have to, should

Obligation and advice: must, have to, should

Esprimi ciò che è necessario, ciò che non è necessario, ciò che non è permesso e ciò che è una buona idea.

Must, have to e should vanno tutti prima della forma base del verbo. Mostrano quanto è forte un obbligo o un consiglio. Dopo must e should non usiamo mai to.

FormaSignificatoEsempio
muststrong obligation, often the speaker's own feeling, or a written ruleI must call my mum tonight. It's her birthday.
have to / has toobligation from outside: rules, laws, timetables, jobsNurses have to work at night sometimes.
mustn'tit is not allowed, so don't do itYou mustn't use your phone during the exam.
don't have toit isn't necessary, but you can if you wantYou don't have to bring food. Lunch is included.
should / shouldn'tadvice: a good or bad ideaYou should try the soup. It's delicious.

Must non ha una forma passata né futura, quindi per gli altri tempi usiamo have to: I had to wait for an hour yesterday. We'll have to leave early tomorrow. Le domande e le frasi negative con have to richiedono do, does o did: Do you have to wear a uniform?

Mustn't o don't have to?

Queste due forme sembrano simili, ma i loro significati sono molto diversi. Mustn't significa che qualcosa non è permesso. Don't have to significa che non c'è nessun obbligo: puoi scegliere.

  • You mustn't swim here. The water is dangerous.
  • You don't have to swim if you're tired. You can sit on the beach.
  • Aiko has to get up at 5 a.m. because her shift starts at six.
  • You should drink more water when it's hot.
  • We didn't have to pay for the concert. It was free.

Esercizio 1 di 2

Scegli la forma migliore

Scegli l'opzione che completa meglio ogni frase.

  1. You _____ touch the paintings. It's against the museum rules.

  2. It's Saturday tomorrow, so I _____ get up early.

  3. You look tired. You _____ go to bed earlier.

  4. Yesterday Kofi _____ work late because his colleague was ill.

  5. _____ you have to wear a uniform at your school?

  6. Visitors _____ show their ticket at the entrance. That's the rule.

  7. You _____ eat so much sugar. It's bad for your teeth.

  8. Lena _____ take the bus to work. She lives very close to her office.

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Esercizio 2 di 2

Scrivi la forma corretta

Scrivi la forma corretta delle parole tra parentesi.

  1. My sister is a doctor, so she (have to) work at weekends sometimes.

  2. We (not / have to) wait long at the airport last night. Our bags came quickly.

  3. You (must / not) tell anyone. It's a secret!

  4. You (should / not) leave your bike outside. Someone might take it.

  5. Students (not / have to) buy the books. The school gives them for free.

  6. (do) Ravi have to work tomorrow?

  7. When I was a child, I (have to) share a bedroom with my two brothers.

  8. Next year, Mina (will / have to) take the bus because her school is moving.

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Fonte

Lezione originale di Joy English.

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