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B1 文法

B1助動詞15分

義務と助言：must, have to, should

Obligation and advice: must, have to, should

必要なこと、必要でないこと、禁止されていること、したほうがよいことを言い表します。

Must、have to、should はいずれも動詞の原形の前に置きます。義務や助言の強さを表します。must と should の後ろには to を使いません。

形意味例
muststrong obligation, often the speaker's own feeling, or a written ruleI must call my mum tonight. It's her birthday.
have to / has toobligation from outside: rules, laws, timetables, jobsNurses have to work at night sometimes.
mustn'tit is not allowed, so don't do itYou mustn't use your phone during the exam.
don't have toit isn't necessary, but you can if you wantYou don't have to bring food. Lunch is included.
should / shouldn'tadvice: a good or bad ideaYou should try the soup. It's delicious.

Must には過去形や未来形がないので、ほかの時制では have to を使います。I had to wait for an hour yesterday. We'll have to leave early tomorrow. have to の疑問文と否定文には do、does、did が必要です。Do you have to wear a uniform?

Mustn't と don't have to の違いは？

この2つは似ていますが、意味は大きく異なります。Mustn't は「してはいけない」という意味です。Don't have to は「義務はない」、つまり選んでよいという意味です。

  • You mustn't swim here. The water is dangerous.
  • You don't have to swim if you're tired. You can sit on the beach.
  • Aiko has to get up at 5 a.m. because her shift starts at six.
  • You should drink more water when it's hot.
  • We didn't have to pay for the concert. It was free.

練習問題 1/2

最も適切な形を選ぼう

各文を最もよく完成させる選択肢を選んでください。

  1. You _____ touch the paintings. It's against the museum rules.

  2. It's Saturday tomorrow, so I _____ get up early.

  3. You look tired. You _____ go to bed earlier.

  4. Yesterday Kofi _____ work late because his colleague was ill.

  5. _____ you have to wear a uniform at your school?

  6. Visitors _____ show their ticket at the entrance. That's the rule.

  7. You _____ eat so much sugar. It's bad for your teeth.

  8. Lena _____ take the bus to work. She lives very close to her office.

8問中0問回答

練習問題 2/2

正しい形を書く

かっこ内の語を正しい形にして入力してください。

  1. My sister is a doctor, so she (have to) work at weekends sometimes.

  2. We (not / have to) wait long at the airport last night. Our bags came quickly.

  3. You (must / not) tell anyone. It's a secret!

  4. You (should / not) leave your bike outside. Someone might take it.

  5. Students (not / have to) buy the books. The school gives them for free.

  6. (do) Ravi have to work tomorrow?

  7. When I was a child, I (have to) share a bedroom with my two brothers.

  8. Next year, Mina (will / have to) take the bus because her school is moving.

8問中0問回答

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