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C2 القواعد

C2الماضي غير الواقعي25 دقيقة

صيغ الماضي غير الواقعي والجمل الشرطية المقلوبة

Unreal past forms and inverted conditionals

استخدم صيغ الماضي للدلالة على غير الواقعي في الحاضر أو المستقبل، واحذف if بقلب should وwere وhad.

تستخدم الإنجليزية صيغ الماضي للحديث عن أمور غير حقيقية الآن (past forms to talk about things that are not real now). يظهر هذا «الماضي غير الواقعي» بعد it's time, would rather, as if, suppose وwish. وتختصر الكتابة الرسمية الجمل الشرطية بحذف if وقلب الفعل الأول.

البنيةالنمطمثال
It's (high / about) time+ subject + past simpleIt's high time the council repaired the road.
would rather / sooner+ subject + past simple (now or future)I'd rather you kept the windows closed.
would rather+ subject + past perfect (past)I'd rather you hadn't told anyone.
as if / as though+ past perfect for past unrealityShe spoke as if she had led the project.
suppose / supposing+ past simple for a hypothetical caseSuppose you were given the chance, what would you do?
but for / were it not for / had it not been for+ noun phraseBut for his help, I would have failed.
Should / Were / Had + subjectreplaces ifHad we known, we would have called.

تحل كل صيغة من الصيغ المقلوبة الثلاث محل if في نوع من الجمل الشرطية. تحل Should + subject (Should you need help, ask) محل if you should need للتعبير عن احتمال مهذب أو بعيد. وتحل Were + subject (+ to) (Were she to accept, she would move) محل if she were to accept. وتحل Had + subject + past participle (Had it not been for the warning, many would have suffered) محل if it had not been for.

  • It's about time we started thinking about a long-term solution.
  • I'd sooner you didn't mention it to anyone.
  • Were it not for his constant encouragement, I would have given up long ago.
  • Should the printer fail again, call the technician.
  • Had the budget been approved earlier, the bridge would be finished by now.

التمرين 1 من 2

اختر الصيغة الصحيحة

اختر الخيار الذي يكمل كل جملة بشكل صحيح.

  1. It's high time the council _____ the road before someone is injured.

  2. I'd rather you _____ the windows closed while the paint dries.

  3. At the meeting she spoke as if she _____ the project herself, although it was her predecessor's.

  4. _____ for the generosity of a few donors, the museum would have closed.

  5. _____ it not been for the early warning, many more people would have been affected.

  6. _____ you require further information, please contact the office.

  7. Suppose you _____ the chance to live anywhere, where would you choose?

  8. Were Nadia _____ see the final report, she would be astonished.

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التمرين 2 من 2

أكمل الجملة

اكتب الكلمة أو الكلمات الناقصة.

  1. It's about time we (start) thinking about a long-term solution.

  2. I'd rather you told anyone about the results before the announcement; it's too late now.

  3. The lecturer spoke as though the audience already read the paper, which few had.

  4. it not for his constant encouragement, I would have given up long ago.

  5. the budget been approved earlier, the bridge would be finished by now.

  6. Were the company (close) its factory, hundreds of workers would lose their jobs.

  7. But the quick thinking of the pilot, the flight would have ended badly.

  8. Supposing you (win) a large prize tomorrow, what would you do with it?

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