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صيغ الماضي غير الواقعي والجمل الشرطية المقلوبة

الاسم:التاريخ:

استخدم صيغ الماضي للدلالة على غير الواقعي في الحاضر أو المستقبل، واحذف if بقلب should وwere وhad.

اختر الصيغة الصحيحة

اختر الخيار الذي يكمل كل جملة بشكل صحيح.

It's high time the council ___ the road before someone is injured.
- a) repaired
- b) repairs
- c) will repair
- d) repairing
I'd rather you ___ the windows closed while the paint dries.
- a) to keep
- b) will keep
- c) kept
- d) keeping
At the meeting she spoke as if she ___ the project herself, although it was her predecessor's.
- a) leads
- b) has led
- c) would lead
- d) had led
___ for the generosity of a few donors, the museum would have closed.
- a) But
- b) Besides
- c) Unless
- d) Despite
___ it not been for the early warning, many more people would have been affected.
- a) Have
- b) Were
- c) Had
- d) Should
___ you require further information, please contact the office.
- a) Would
- b) Should
- c) Had
- d) Were
Suppose you ___ the chance to live anywhere, where would you choose?
- a) are given
- b) were given
- c) would be given
- d) have given
Were Nadia ___ see the final report, she would be astonished.
- a) to
- b) for
- c) so
- d) about

اكتب الكلمة أو الكلمات الناقصة.

It's about time we ___ (start) thinking about a long-term solution.
I'd rather you ___ told anyone about the results before the announcement; it's too late now.
The lecturer spoke as though the audience ___ already read the paper, which few had.
___ it not for his constant encouragement, I would have given up long ago.
___ the budget been approved earlier, the bridge would be finished by now.
Were the company ___ (close) its factory, hundreds of workers would lose their jobs.
But ___ the quick thinking of the pilot, the flight would have ended badly.
Supposing you ___ (win) a large prize tomorrow, what would you do with it?

a) repairedيتبع It's high time فعل ماضٍ بسيط يشير إلى الآن: repaired.
c) keptيأخذ Would rather + فاعل مختلف الماضي البسيط للرغبات في الحاضر أو المستقبل.
d) had ledAs if مع حدث ماضٍ لم يقع تأخذ الماضي التام.
a) Butتعني But for + اسم «لولا».
c) Hadتحل Had it not been for محل if it had not been for.
b) ShouldShould you require بديل رسمي لـ if you require.
b) were givenتقدّم Suppose + الماضي البسيط موقفًا غير واقعي، وهذا يتوافق مع would choose.
a) toWere + فاعل + to + المصدر هي الصيغة المقلوبة لـ if + فاعل + were to.

startedبعد it's about time استخدم الماضي البسيط.
hadn't / had notللتعبير عن الندم على فعل ماضٍ استخدم would rather + الماضي التام: hadn't told.
hadAs though + الماضي التام يعبّر عن موقف ماضٍ غير واقعي.
wereتعني Were it not for «if it were not for». تشجيعه مستمر، لذلك يمكن أن تجتمع مع نتيجة ماضية (جملة شرطية مختلطة)؛ أما لشرط ماضٍ خالص فاستخدم Had it not been for.
hadHad + فاعل + اسم المفعول تحل محل if the budget had been approved.
to closeWere + فاعل + to + المصدر تحل محل if the company were to close.
forتعني But for + اسم «لولا».
won / were to winيأخذ Supposing الماضي البسيط، أو were to + المصدر، لمستقبل افتراضي.