Joy English
Joy English

C1 文法

C1省略20分

省略と代用

Ellipsis and substitution

so、not、do so、one/ones、短縮された不定詞、助動詞だけの返答を使って、繰り返しを避けましょう。

流暢な話し手は、聞き手がすでに知っている語をほとんど繰り返しません。Ellipsis（省略）は語を省くこと、substitution（代用）は語を so, not, one or do（so、not、one、do）のような短い語で置き換えることです。どちらも話し言葉や書き言葉をより自然にしますが、意味が明確に伝わる程度の情報は残さなければなりません。

手段使い方例
so / not after hope, think, expect, be afraidreplace a whole clauseWill it rain? I hope not. / I'm afraid so.
do soreplace a verb phrase, formalAnyone wishing to leave early may do so quietly.
one / onesreplace a countable nounShall I buy the red apples or the green ones?
Reduced infinitive with toleave out the rest of an infinitiveI haven't visited Rome, but I'd love to.
Auxiliary onlyleave out the main verbNadia enjoys running, and so does her brother.
Neither / nor + auxiliaryagree with a negativeRavi hasn't read it, nor has Aiko.
the former / the latterrefer back to two itemsThe architect and the engineer worked together; the former designed the roof.

think, believe, supposeとexpectの場合、否定の形は2つあります。I don't think soは I think not より一般的で、I hope notとI'm afraid notには別の形はありません。比較の一部を省くときは、助動詞を残します：Her first novel sold far better than her second did. ここでは did が繰り返される動詞 sold を置き換え、second の後の novel は省かれています。

  • These shoes are too small. Do you have a bigger pair, or one in black?
  • She promised to call, but she didn't, and I didn't expect her to.
  • Will the museum be open on Sunday? I don't think so.
  • She can play the piano, and her sister can too.

練習問題 1/2

正しい形を選ぼう

各文を正しく完成させる選択肢を選びましょう。

  1. Will it rain at the picnic? I hope _____.

  2. I haven't visited Rome, but I'd love _____.

  3. Shall I buy the red apples or the green _____?

  4. Anyone who wants to apply for the grant should _____ so before Friday.

  5. Nadia enjoys long-distance running, and _____ her brother.

  6. The architect and the engineer worked together; _____ designed the roof, the latter the foundations.

  7. I don't think Jamal will agree, but I suspect Tomás _____.

  8. Is the museum closed on Sunday? I'm afraid _____.

8問中0問回答

練習問題 2/2

文を完成させよう

空所に1語ずつ入力しましょう。省略や代用を使って、語の繰り返しを避けてください。

  1. Has the lecture been cancelled? Yes, I'm afraid .

  2. Will the museum be open on Monday? I don't think .

  3. I haven't finished the report, but I intend by Friday.

  4. Her first novel sold far better than her second .

  5. Anyone wishing to leave early may do quietly.

  6. These shoes are too small. Do you have a bigger ?

  7. Ravi hasn't read the book, has Aiko.

  8. She can play the piano, and her sister too.

8問中0問回答

出典

Joy Englishのオリジナルレッスンです。

レベルは目安です。間違いを見つけたら、お問い合わせページからお知らせください。