Joy English
Joy English

C2 Gramática

C2Inversión25 min

Inversión tras adverbiales negativos, so y such

Inversion after negative adverbials, so and such

Coloca el auxiliar antes del sujeto después de expresiones negativas y restrictivas que abren la oración, y después de so y such.

Cuando una oración empieza con un adverbial negativo o restrictivo (negative or restrictive adverbial), el verbo auxiliar pasa delante del sujeto (in front of the subject), como en una pregunta. Esto produce un efecto formal, dramático o literario y es habitual en la escritura académica y en los discursos. Si el verbo no tiene auxiliar, añade do, does or did. La misma inversión sigue a so + adjective y a such + be cuando abren una oración.

Frase inicialEstructuraEjemplo
Never, rarely, seldom, little, nowhereadverb + auxiliary + subjectRarely did she ask for help.
Not only ... (but also)inversion in the first clause onlyNot only did it fail, but it also cost a fortune.
No sooner ... than; hardly / scarcely ... whenpast perfect invertedNo sooner had they left than it rained.
Not until; only after / when / if; only theninversion in the main clauseNot until midnight did the noise stop.
Under no circumstances, on no account, at no time, in no waymodal or auxiliary + subjectUnder no circumstances should you open it.
So + adjective; such + beso + adj + aux + subject + thatSo rapid was the change that nobody coped.

Presta atención a qué oración se invierte (which clause is inverted). Después de not until o only when, la oración de tiempo mantiene el orden normal y se invierte la oración principal: *Not until the results arrived did the team understand the problem.* Después de no sooner, usa than; después de hardly y scarcely, usa when (o before).

  • Never before had the city faced such a severe drought.
  • Little did he realise that the letter had been opened.
  • Only after the data had been checked did the team publish it.
  • On no account may visitors touch the exhibits.
  • Such was her influence that the whole department changed its approach.

Ejercicio 1 de 2

Elige la forma correcta

Elige la opción que completa correctamente cada oración.

  1. Not until the committee had read the full report _____ the scale of the problem.

  2. No sooner had the curtain risen _____ the lights failed.

  3. Under no circumstances _____ the laboratory door be left unlocked.

  4. Such _____ the noise from the building site that nobody could concentrate.

  5. Little _____ realise that the letter had already been opened.

  6. Only after the results had been checked twice _____ the findings.

  7. So rapidly _____ the glacier retreat that the map had to be redrawn.

  8. Hardly had she sat down _____ the telephone rang.

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Ejercicio 2 de 2

Completa la oración

Escribe la palabra que falta. Acepta solo las formas que mantienen el orden de palabras invertido.

  1. Never before the city faced such a severe drought.

  2. Not only the proposal cost too much, but it was also badly designed.

  3. At no time the staff told that the office would close.

  4. On no account visitors touch the exhibits.

  5. Only when the ice had melted the explorers able to continue.

  6. So severe the storm that all flights were cancelled.

  7. Seldom she ask for help, even when she was overwhelmed.

  8. No sooner had the meeting ended the arguments began.

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Fuente

Lección original de Joy English.

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