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C2 文法

C2倒置25分

否定の副詞句、so、such の後の倒置

Inversion after negative adverbials, so and such

否定や制限を表す文頭表現の後、そして so と such の後では、助動詞を主語の前に置きます。

文がnegative or restrictive adverbial（否定または制限を表す副詞句）で始まると、助動詞は疑問文のようにin front of the subject（主語の前）に移動します。これは改まった、劇的な、あるいは文学的な効果を生み、学術的な文章やスピーチでよく使われます。動詞に助動詞がない場合は、do, does or didを加えます。so + adjective（so + 形容詞）とsuch + beが節の冒頭に来たときも、同じ倒置が起こります。

文頭の表現パターン例
Never, rarely, seldom, little, nowhereadverb + auxiliary + subjectRarely did she ask for help.
Not only ... (but also)inversion in the first clause onlyNot only did it fail, but it also cost a fortune.
No sooner ... than; hardly / scarcely ... whenpast perfect invertedNo sooner had they left than it rained.
Not until; only after / when / if; only theninversion in the main clauseNot until midnight did the noise stop.
Under no circumstances, on no account, at no time, in no waymodal or auxiliary + subjectUnder no circumstances should you open it.
So + adjective; such + beso + adj + aux + subject + thatSo rapid was the change that nobody coped.

which clause is inverted（どちらの節が倒置されるか）に注意しましょう。not untilやonly whenの後では、時を表す節は通常の語順のままで、主節が倒置されます：*Not until the results arrived did the team understand the problem.* no soonerの後にはthanを使い、hardlyとscarcelyの後にはwhen（またはbefore）を使います。

  • Never before had the city faced such a severe drought.
  • Little did he realise that the letter had been opened.
  • Only after the data had been checked did the team publish it.
  • On no account may visitors touch the exhibits.
  • Such was her influence that the whole department changed its approach.

練習問題 1/2

正しい形を選ぼう

各文を正しく完成させる選択肢を選びましょう。

  1. Not until the committee had read the full report _____ the scale of the problem.

  2. No sooner had the curtain risen _____ the lights failed.

  3. Under no circumstances _____ the laboratory door be left unlocked.

  4. Such _____ the noise from the building site that nobody could concentrate.

  5. Little _____ realise that the letter had already been opened.

  6. Only after the results had been checked twice _____ the findings.

  7. So rapidly _____ the glacier retreat that the map had to be redrawn.

  8. Hardly had she sat down _____ the telephone rang.

8問中0問回答

練習問題 2/2

文を完成させよう

空所に入る語を入力しましょう。倒置された語順を保つ形だけを入力してください。

  1. Never before the city faced such a severe drought.

  2. Not only the proposal cost too much, but it was also badly designed.

  3. At no time the staff told that the office would close.

  4. On no account visitors touch the exhibits.

  5. Only when the ice had melted the explorers able to continue.

  6. So severe the storm that all flights were cancelled.

  7. Seldom she ask for help, even when she was overwhelmed.

  8. No sooner had the meeting ended the arguments began.

8問中0問回答

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