Joy English
Joy English
← 레슨으로 돌아가기

Joy English · 레벨 B2 · 시제joy-english.com

과거완료 단순형과 진행형

이름:날짜:

과거에 먼저 일어난 일을 나타내고, 과거의 한 시점 이전에 진행 중이던 활동에 대해 말합니다.

알맞은 형태 고르기

각 문장을 완성하는 가장 알맞은 것을 고르세요.

  1. When we reached the cinema, the film ___, so we missed the beginning.
    • a) started
    • b) had started
    • c) has started
  2. Her eyes were red because she ___ onions.
    • a) has cut
    • b) had been cut
    • c) had been cutting
  3. I didn't recognise Omar at first. I ___ him for ten years.
    • a) hadn't seen
    • b) didn't see
    • c) haven't seen
  4. By the time Leila retired, she ___ at the same school for 35 years.
    • a) was teaching
    • b) had been teaching
    • c) has been teaching
  5. They ___ each other for years before they started the business.
    • a) had been knowing
    • b) have known
    • c) had known
  6. The ground was wet. It ___ all night.
    • a) had been raining
    • b) has rained
    • c) is raining
  7. How long ___ before you found a job?
    • a) have you been looking
    • b) had you been looking
    • c) you had looked
  8. When I opened the fridge, I saw that someone ___ all the cheese.
    • a) had been eating
    • b) has eaten
    • c) had eaten

과거완료 쓰기

괄호 안 동사의 과거완료 단순형 또는 과거완료 진행형을 입력하세요.

  1. When Amara got home, she realised she ___ (leave) her keys at the office.
  2. Leo ___ (fix) the old radio all morning, but it still didn't work.
  3. I ___ (never / see) snow before I moved to Canada.
  4. By the end of the day, Tariq ___ (write) twelve emails.
  5. She ___ (not / eat) anything since breakfast, so she was very hungry.
  6. Yuki ___ (read) the novel for a week, but she was still only on page 50.
  7. Ines was out of breath because she ___ (run) for the bus.
  8. They ___ (know) each other for ten years when they got married.

정답

알맞은 형태 고르기

  1. b) had started영화는 우리가 도착하기 전에 시작했으므로 과거완료 had started를 사용합니다.
  2. c) had been cutting앞선 활동이 우리가 알아챈 것을 설명하므로 과거완료 진행형을 사용합니다.
  3. a) hadn't seen10년은 과거의 한 시점(when I saw him)에 끝났으므로 과거완료를 사용합니다.
  4. b) had been teaching과거의 한 시점까지 활동이 얼마나 계속되었는지 설명하므로 had been teaching을 사용합니다.
  5. c) had knownKnow는 상태 동사이므로 진행형이 아니라 과거완료 단순형을 사용합니다.
  6. a) had been raining과거의 한 시점 이전의 활동이 결과(젖은 땅)를 설명하므로 과거완료 진행형을 사용합니다.
  7. b) had you been looking찾는 일이 과거의 한 시점(when you found a job)까지 계속되었으므로 과거완료 진행형의 의문문 형태를 사용합니다.
  8. c) had eaten치즈가 모두 없어졌으므로 행동이 완료되었습니다. 과거완료 단순형을 사용합니다.

과거완료 쓰기

  1. had left / 'd left그녀는 집에 도착하기 전에 열쇠를 두고 나왔고, 이는 완료된 하나의 행동이므로 had left입니다.
  2. had been fixing / 'd been fixing일이 끝나지 않았고 아침 내내 이어졌으므로 과거완료 진행형을 사용합니다.
  3. had never seen / 'd never seen이것은 과거의 한 시점(when I moved)까지의 경험을 나타내므로 had never seen을 사용합니다.
  4. had written / 'd written완료된 행동의 횟수(twelve emails)를 세므로 과거완료 단순형을 사용합니다.
  5. hadn't eaten / had not eaten과거의 한 시점까지의 상황을 설명하고 아무것도 먹지 않았으므로 hadn't eaten을 사용합니다.
  6. had been reading / 'd been reading읽기가 끝나지 않았고 일주일 동안 이어졌으므로 과거완료 진행형을 사용합니다.
  7. had been running / 'd been running / had run / 'd run앞선 활동이 그녀의 상태를 설명하므로 had been running이 가장 자연스러운 답입니다. Had run도 가능합니다.
  8. had known / 'd knownKnow는 상태 동사이므로 기간이 있어도 과거완료 단순형을 사용합니다.

Joy English · 무료 영어 연습 · https://joy-english.com/ko/grammar/past-perfect