Joy English
Joy English

B2 Gramática

B2Condicionales15 min

Tercer condicional y condicionales mixtos

Third and mixed conditionals

Imagina un pasado diferente y conecta hechos pasados con resultados presentes.

El third conditional imagina un pasado diferente. Como el pasado no se puede cambiar, lo usamos a menudo para expresar arrepentimiento, crítica o alivio. Los Mixed conditionals combinan dos marcos temporales: una condición pasada imaginaria con un resultado presente, o una situación presente imaginaria con un resultado pasado.

TipoOración con ifOración principalEjemplo
Thirdif + past perfectwould have + past participleIf we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
Mixed: past to presentif + past perfectwould + verbIf Tomás had taken the job, he would be in Toronto now.
Mixed: present to pastif + past simplewould have + past participleIf I were more organised, I wouldn't have forgotten the meeting.

En el primer ejemplo, perdimos el tren. En el segundo, Tomás no aceptó el trabajo y eso todavía tiene un resultado hoy: no está en Toronto. En el tercero, una cualidad permanente (I'm not very organised) explica algo que salió mal en el pasado.

Otros verbos modales y formas cortas

Puedes sustituir would por could o might para hablar de capacidad o posibilidad. En el habla, had y would se reducen a 'd, así que escucha con atención: If I'd known, I'd have helped. La primera 'd es had; la segunda es would.

  • If Amara hadn't reminded me, I might have missed my appointment.
  • We could have won if our goalkeeper hadn't been ill.
  • If Daniel spoke Portuguese, he would have understood the guide.
  • If I hadn't stayed up so late, I wouldn't feel so tired now.

Ejercicio 1 de 2

Elige la forma correcta

Elige la opción que complete correctamente cada oración.

  1. If Lena _____ the map, she wouldn't have got lost.

  2. If I hadn't missed the bus yesterday, I _____ late for the interview.

  3. If Ravi had studied medicine, he _____ a doctor now.

  4. We _____ last night's concert more if it hadn't rained so heavily.

  5. If Nadia _____ afraid of flying, she would have visited us in Australia last year.

  6. Which sentence is correct?

  7. I'd have called you _____ I'd had your number.

  8. If she had been born in Japan, she _____ fluent Japanese now.

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Ejercicio 2 de 2

Completa los condicionales

Escribe la forma correcta del verbo entre paréntesis. Usa would (no could ni might) en la oración principal.

  1. If you (tell) me about the party, I would have come.

  2. If Kofi hadn't been ill, he (play) in yesterday's match.

  3. I (not / be) so hungry now if I had eaten breakfast.

  4. If Mei (not / miss) her flight, she would be in Rome now.

  5. If I were a better cook, I (not / burn) the rice last night.

  6. If the shop (be) open, we would have bought some milk.

  7. If they had taken the earlier train, they (arrive) by now.

  8. You (pass) the test if you had practised more.

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Fuente

Lección original de Joy English.

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