B2 文法

B2条件文15分

第3条件文と混合条件文

Third and mixed conditionals

過去が違っていたらと想像し、過去の出来事と現在の結果を結びつけます。

third conditional(第3条件文)は、違っていた過去を想像します。過去は変えられないので、後悔、非難、安堵を表すときによく使います。Mixed conditionals(混合条件文)は2つの時間枠を組み合わせます。つまり、過去についての仮定の条件と現在の結果、または現在についての仮定の状況と過去の結果です。

種類if節主節例
Thirdif + past perfectwould have + past participleIf we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
Mixed: past to presentif + past perfectwould + verbIf Tomás had taken the job, he would be in Toronto now.
Mixed: present to pastif + past simplewould have + past participleIf I were more organised, I wouldn't have forgotten the meeting.

1つ目の例では、私たちは電車に乗り遅れました。2つ目の例では、Tomás はその仕事を引き受けず、それが今日も結果として残っています。つまり彼は Toronto にいません。3つ目の例では、変わらない性質(I'm not very organised)が、過去にうまくいかなかったことを説明しています。

ほかの助動詞と短縮形

would を could や might に置き換えて、能力や可能性を表すことができます。話し言葉では、had も would も 'd に短縮されるので、よく聞いてください。If I'd known, I'd have helped. 最初の 'd は had で、2つ目は would です。

  • If Amara hadn't reminded me, I might have missed my appointment.
  • We could have won if our goalkeeper hadn't been ill.
  • If Daniel spoke Portuguese, he would have understood the guide.
  • If I hadn't stayed up so late, I wouldn't feel so tired now.

練習問題 1/2

正しい形を選ぼう

各文を正しく完成させる選択肢を選んでください。

  1. If Lena _____ the map, she wouldn't have got lost.

  2. If I hadn't missed the bus yesterday, I _____ late for the interview.

  3. If Ravi had studied medicine, he _____ a doctor now.

  4. We _____ last night's concert more if it hadn't rained so heavily.

  5. If Nadia _____ afraid of flying, she would have visited us in Australia last year.

  6. Which sentence is correct?

  7. I'd have called you _____ I'd had your number.

  8. If she had been born in Japan, she _____ fluent Japanese now.

8問中0問回答

練習問題 2/2

条件文を完成させよう

かっこ内の動詞の正しい形を入力してください。主節では(could や might ではなく)would を使います。

  1. If you (tell) me about the party, I would have come.

  2. If Kofi hadn't been ill, he (play) in yesterday's match.

  3. I (not / be) so hungry now if I had eaten breakfast.

  4. If Mei (not / miss) her flight, she would be in Rome now.

  5. If I were a better cook, I (not / burn) the rice last night.

  6. If the shop (be) open, we would have bought some milk.

  7. If they had taken the earlier train, they (arrive) by now.

  8. You (pass) the test if you had practised more.

8問中0問回答

出典

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