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C2 文法

C2仮定法25分

要求を表す仮定法と定型的な仮定法

The mandative subjunctive and formulaic subjunctives

要求を表す動詞や形容詞の後では原形の仮定法を使い、come what may のような決まった句を覚えましょう。

subjunctive（仮定法）は日常の英語ではまれですが、改まった文章、規則、報告書、決まり文句ではよく使われます。これを使いこなせることは、熟達の明確な証です。最も重要なタイプはmandative subjunctive（要求を表す仮定法）で、要求、推奨、重要性を表す語の後の that 節で使われます。動詞はbase form（原形）で、三人称の -s も時制の変化もありません。

引き金となる語パターン例
Verbs: demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urgeverb + that + subject + base formThe panel recommended that the report be withdrawn.
Adjectives: essential, vital, imperative, desirable, crucialit is + adjective + that + subject + base formIt is imperative that she attend the hearing.
Nouns: demand, requirement, insistence, proposalnoun + that + subject + base formTheir insistence that he resign surprised no one.
Negativethat + subject + not + base formWe asked that the data not be shared.

イギリス英語では、仮定法がshouldに置き換えられることが多く（that the report should be withdrawn）、くだけた使い方では普通の直説法の動詞に置き換えられます。原形が最も改まった選択で、アメリカ英語では標準です。否定は動詞のbefore（前）に置き、助動詞のdoは使わないことに注意してください。

Were と決まった句

were-subjunctive（were の仮定法）は、非現実の比較や条件に残っています：if I were you、as though she were still here。化石化した仮定法の多くは、ひとかたまりで覚えるのが最適です：come what may、be that as it may、far be it from me、suffice it to say、so be it、if need be、as it were。

  • The regulations require that every applicant be over eighteen.
  • It is essential that no child leave the site unsupervised.
  • Suffice it to say that the results were disappointing.
  • Be that as it may, the deadline stands.
  • If need be, we can extend the trial by a month.

練習問題 1/2

正しい形を選ぼう

要求を表す仮定法が必要な場所ではそれを使い、改まった丁寧な文章として正しい選択肢を選びましょう。

  1. The board has recommended that the director _____ his post until the audit is complete.

  2. It is vital that every sample _____ labelled before it leaves the laboratory.

  3. The lawyer requested that his client _____ questioned without a representative present.

  4. Ayesha insisted that the figures _____ correct, though nobody believed her.

  5. Costs may rise, but we shall finish the bridge, _____ what may.

  6. The regulations require that each applicant _____ over eighteen.

  7. She talks about the city as though she _____ a native, but she arrived last year.

  8. It is essential that no child _____ unsupervised near the water.

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練習問題 2/2

文を完成させよう

空所に入る語を入力しましょう。かっこ内に動詞が示されている場合は、改まった文章で正しい形を使ってください。

  1. The union demanded that the manager (apologise) in public.

  2. It is imperative that she told of the decision yet. (negative)

  3. If I (be) you, I would ask for a second opinion.

  4. Suffice it say that the experiment did not go as planned.

  5. The doctor's recommendation was that he (take) a month off work.

  6. Far be it me to criticise, but the report contains several errors.

  7. She spoke as if she (be) the only person in the room who understood.

  8. We will carry out the repairs, if need , over the weekend.

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