Joy English · レベル B2 · 時制joy-english.com

過去完了形と過去完了進行形

名前:日付:

過去のどの出来事が先に起きたかを示し、過去のある時点より前に進行していた活動について話します。

正しい形を選ぼう

それぞれの文を完成させるために、最も適切な選択肢を選んでください。

  1. When we reached the cinema, the film ___, so we missed the beginning.
    • a) started
    • b) had started
    • c) has started
  2. Her eyes were red because she ___ onions.
    • a) has cut
    • b) had been cut
    • c) had been cutting
  3. I didn't recognise Omar at first. I ___ him for ten years.
    • a) hadn't seen
    • b) didn't see
    • c) haven't seen
  4. By the time Leila retired, she ___ at the same school for 35 years.
    • a) was teaching
    • b) had been teaching
    • c) has been teaching
  5. They ___ each other for years before they started the business.
    • a) had been knowing
    • b) have known
    • c) had known
  6. The ground was wet. It ___ all night.
    • a) had been raining
    • b) has rained
    • c) is raining
  7. How long ___ before you found a job?
    • a) have you been looking
    • b) had you been looking
    • c) you had looked
  8. When I opened the fridge, I saw that someone ___ all the cheese.
    • a) had been eating
    • b) has eaten
    • c) had eaten

過去完了を書こう

かっこ内の動詞の過去完了形(単純形)または過去完了進行形を入力してください。

  1. When Amara got home, she realised she ___ (leave) her keys at the office.
  2. Leo ___ (fix) the old radio all morning, but it still didn't work.
  3. I ___ (never / see) snow before I moved to Canada.
  4. By the end of the day, Tariq ___ (write) twelve emails.
  5. She ___ (not / eat) anything since breakfast, so she was very hungry.
  6. Yuki ___ (read) the novel for a week, but she was still only on page 50.
  7. Ines was out of breath because she ___ (run) for the bus.
  8. They ___ (know) each other for ten years when they got married.

解答

正しい形を選ぼう

  1. b) had started映画は私たちが到着する前に始まっていたので、過去完了 had started を使います。
  2. c) had been cuttingそれより前の活動が、気づいたことを説明しているので、過去完了進行形を使います。
  3. a) hadn't seen10年間は過去のある時点(when I saw him)で終わったので、過去完了を使います。
  4. b) had been teaching過去のある時点まで活動がどれくらい続いたかを述べているので、had been teaching を使います。
  5. c) had knownKnow は状態動詞なので、進行形ではなく過去完了形(単純形)を使います。
  6. a) had been raining過去のある時点より前の活動が結果(濡れた地面)を説明しているので、過去完了進行形を使います。
  7. b) had you been looking探し続けていたのは過去のある時点(when you found a job)までなので、過去完了進行形の疑問文の形を使います。
  8. c) had eatenチーズがすべてなくなっていたので、行為は完了しています。過去完了形(単純形)を使います。

過去完了を書こう

  1. had left / 'd left彼女は家に着く前に鍵を置いてきました。これは1回の完了した行為なので、had left を使います。
  2. had been fixing / 'd been fixing作業は終わっておらず、午前中ずっと続いていたので、過去完了進行形を使います。
  3. had never seen / 'd never seenこれは過去のある時点(when I moved)までの経験を表すので、had never seen を使います。
  4. had written / 'd written完了した行為の数(twelve emails)を数えているので、過去完了形(単純形)を使います。
  5. hadn't eaten / had not eaten過去のある時点までの状況を述べていて、何も食べていなかったので、hadn't eaten を使います。
  6. had been reading / 'd been reading読書は終わっておらず、1週間続いていたので、過去完了進行形を使います。
  7. had been running / 'd been running / had run / 'd runそれより前の活動が彼女の様子を説明しているので、had been running が最も自然な答えです。Had run も可能です。
  8. had known / 'd knownKnow は状態動詞なので、期間があっても過去完了形(単純形)を使います。