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C2Kohesi25 menit

Elipsis dan substitusi dalam wacana

Ellipsis and substitution in discourse

Hindari pengulangan dengan so, not, one, do so, dan klausa yang diringkas, dan ketahui penghilangan mana yang terdengar alami.

Penutur dan penulis yang fasih menghindari pengulangan kata yang mudah dilengkapi oleh pendengar. Ellipsis menghilangkan kata-kata itu. Substitution menggantinya dengan bentuk pendek seperti so, not, one, do so atau the same. Keduanya membuat teks lebih kohesif, tetapi hanya kata tertentu yang boleh dihilangkan.

PerangkatContohBentuk lengkap
Infinitive without its verbYou can stay if you want to.... want to stay.
so / not after think, hope, suspect, be afraidWill it rain? I'm afraid so / not.... afraid that it will / will not.
if so / if notIf not, we shall cancel.If it is not approved, ...
one / onesHe bought a new one.... a new laptop.
do so, do the sameShe resigned, and he did the same.... he resigned.
than + reduced clauseIt went better than expected.... than it was expected to.
reduced time clauseWhen asked, she refused.When she was asked, ...
so / neither / nor + auxiliaryThe staff agreed, and so did the chair.... the chair agreed too.

Perhatikan perbedaan antara Neither did I, Nor did I, dan So did I: dua yang pertama mengikuti pernyataan negatif, dan yang terakhir mengikuti pernyataan positif. Setelah than, bentuk yang diringkas (than expected) dan bentuk lengkap (than was expected) sama-sama benar, tetapi klausa yang diringkas lebih umum dalam tulisan formal.

  • Will the funding be approved? If not, we shall cancel the trip.
  • Some students took notes by hand and others typed them.
  • The committee has not met, nor is it expected to before May.
  • I wanted to attend but wasn't able to.
  • When asked about the delay, the manager said she had not been told.

Latihan 1 dari 2

Pilih bentuk yang benar

Pilih pilihan yang melengkapi setiap kalimat dengan benar.

  1. Are the results ready? I don't think _____; the lab is still running tests.

  2. Will the funding be approved? If _____, we shall have to cancel the trip.

  3. The first draft was weak, but the second was far better than _____.

  4. Kofi's old laptop kept crashing, so he bought a new _____.

  5. She promised to call, but she never _____.

  6. The delegates welcomed the proposal, and _____ did the chair.

  7. When _____ about the delay, the manager said she had not been told.

  8. "Would you like to join us?" "I'd love _____ , but I have an exam tomorrow."

0 dari 8 sudah dijawab

Latihan 2 dari 2

Lengkapi kalimatnya

Ketik kata yang hilang. Pakai satu kata saja kecuali kalimatnya membutuhkan lebih.

  1. Lena offered to help, and her brother did .

  2. Are there any seats left? I'm afraid ; the hall is full.

  3. The old system was slower than necessary.

  4. You can stay if you to, but nobody expects it.

  5. I wanted to attend the lecture but wasn't able .

  6. Ravi booked the larger room; Aiko preferred the small .

  7. The committee has not yet met, nor it expected to do so before May.

  8. Some students took notes by hand and typed them.

0 dari 8 sudah dijawab

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