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C2 文法

C2結束性25分

談話における省略と代用

Ellipsis and substitution in discourse

so、not、one、do so、短縮された節を使って繰り返しを避け、どの省略が自然に聞こえるかを知りましょう。

流暢な話し手や書き手は、聞き手が簡単に補える語の繰り返しを避けます。Ellipsis（省略）は語を省くことです。Substitution（代用）は、語を so, not, one, do so や the same のような短い形に置き換えることです。どちらも文章に結束性を与えますが、省略できる語は限られています。

手段例完全な形
Infinitive without its verbYou can stay if you want to.... want to stay.
so / not after think, hope, suspect, be afraidWill it rain? I'm afraid so / not.... afraid that it will / will not.
if so / if notIf not, we shall cancel.If it is not approved, ...
one / onesHe bought a new one.... a new laptop.
do so, do the sameShe resigned, and he did the same.... he resigned.
than + reduced clauseIt went better than expected.... than it was expected to.
reduced time clauseWhen asked, she refused.When she was asked, ...
so / neither / nor + auxiliaryThe staff agreed, and so did the chair.... the chair agreed too.

Neither did I、Nor did I、So did Iの違いに注意しましょう。最初の2つは否定文の後に、最後は肯定文の後に使います。thanの後では、短縮形（than expected）も完全な形（than was expected）も正しいですが、改まった文章では短縮された節のほうがよく使われます。

  • Will the funding be approved? If not, we shall cancel the trip.
  • Some students took notes by hand and others typed them.
  • The committee has not met, nor is it expected to before May.
  • I wanted to attend but wasn't able to.
  • When asked about the delay, the manager said she had not been told.

練習問題 1/2

正しい形を選ぼう

各文を正しく完成させる選択肢を選びましょう。

  1. Are the results ready? I don't think _____; the lab is still running tests.

  2. Will the funding be approved? If _____, we shall have to cancel the trip.

  3. The first draft was weak, but the second was far better than _____.

  4. Kofi's old laptop kept crashing, so he bought a new _____.

  5. She promised to call, but she never _____.

  6. The delegates welcomed the proposal, and _____ did the chair.

  7. When _____ about the delay, the manager said she had not been told.

  8. "Would you like to join us?" "I'd love _____ , but I have an exam tomorrow."

8問中0問回答

練習問題 2/2

文を完成させよう

空所に入る語を入力しましょう。文がそれ以上の語を必要とする場合を除き、1語で答えてください。

  1. Lena offered to help, and her brother did .

  2. Are there any seats left? I'm afraid ; the hall is full.

  3. The old system was slower than necessary.

  4. You can stay if you to, but nobody expects it.

  5. I wanted to attend the lecture but wasn't able .

  6. Ravi booked the larger room; Aiko preferred the small .

  7. The committee has not yet met, nor it expected to do so before May.

  8. Some students took notes by hand and typed them.

8問中0問回答

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