Joy English
Joy English

C1 문법

C1도치22분

부정·제한 부사구 뒤의 도치

Inversion after negative and restrictive adverbials

hardly, not until, under no circumstances 같은 표현 뒤에서는 조동사를 주어 앞에 둡니다.

문장이 부정 또는 제한의 부사구로 시작하면 영어는 흔히 주어와 조동사의 순서를 바꿉니다. 이 inversion은 격식 있는 글과 연설에 추가적인 강조를 더해 줍니다. 중립적인 She had rarely seen such skill과 강조하는 Rarely had she seen such skill을 비교해 보세요.

문장 앞 표현패턴예
Never, rarely, seldom, littleadverb + auxiliary + subjectSeldom do we get such honest feedback.
Hardly / scarcely ... whenhad + subject + past participleHardly had the talk begun when the lights failed.
No sooner ... thanhad + subject + past participleNo sooner had she left than the phone rang.
Not only ... but (also)auxiliary + subjectNot only did he apologise, but he also paid for the damage.
Only after / only when / not untilauxiliary + subject in the main clauseOnly after the storm did the villagers see the damage.
Under no circumstances, on no account, at no timeauxiliary or modal + subjectOn no account should the door be left open.
Nowhere, in no way, by no meansauxiliary + subjectNowhere in the report is the cost mentioned.

문장에 조동사가 없으면 의문문에서처럼 do, does or did를 추가합니다. Little did they know that the contract was already void. be동사의 경우에는 be 자체를 앞으로 옮깁니다. Never was the city so quiet.

조건 도치

격식 있는 영어에서는 if를 생략하고 대신 도치할 수 있습니다. 이는 had, were, should와 함께 쓸 수 있습니다. 의미는 바뀌지 않지만 문체가 더 격식 있게 됩니다.

  • Had I known the risks, I would have refused. (If I had known ...)
  • Were the funding to be cut, the project would collapse. (If the funding were cut ...)
  • Should you need further help, contact the office. (If you should need ...)
  • Not until the results arrived did anyone suspect an error.

연습 1 / 2

알맞은 형태 고르기

각 문장을 올바르게 완성하는 선택지를 고르세요.

  1. Not only _____ the deadline, but she also exceeded every target.

  2. Rarely _____ such a thoughtful reply to harsh criticism.

  3. No sooner had the lecture begun _____ the projector stopped working.

  4. Hardly had we sat down _____ the waiter brought the menus.

  5. Only after the results were published _____ the scale of the problem.

  6. Under no circumstances _____ the storage room be left unlocked.

  7. Little _____ that the decision would change her career for ever.

  8. Nowhere in the whole document _____ any mention of the budget overrun.

8문제 중 0문제 답함

연습 2 / 2

문장 완성하기

각 빈칸에 한 단어를 입력하여 문장을 올바르고 격식 있게 만드세요.

  1. Not until the sensors failed the engineers notice the fault.

  2. No sooner had she arrived the meeting started.

  3. Seldom I seen such careful craftsmanship.

  4. Only when the lights went out we realise how quiet the town was.

  5. On no account the exhibits be touched by visitors.

  6. Hardly the film begun when the power went off.

  7. Not only the manager apologise, but he also offered a full refund.

  8. I known the risks, I would have declined the offer.

8문제 중 0문제 답함

출처

Joy English의 자체 제작 레슨입니다.

레벨은 참고용입니다. 오류를 발견하셨나요? 문의 페이지로 알려 주세요.