Joy English · 레벨 C1 · 논의형 에세이joy-english.com
자동화와 일에 관한 논의형 에세이
이름:날짜:
완곡한 표현, 양보, 명확한 논지를 사용해 균형 잡힌 논의형 에세이에서 상반된 견해를 저울질합니다.
Automation and the meaning of work
It is often assumed that the spread of automation will leave people with more leisure and, consequently, greater well-being. Whether this is so depends largely on what we expect work to provide.
Admittedly, the case for automation is strong. Machines already perform repetitive and hazardous tasks more safely and more consistently than people, and few would argue that anyone is worse off for no longer sorting parcels by hand. Were such tasks to disappear altogether, workers could, in principle, devote their time to activities that demand judgement, imagination and care.
Nevertheless, this optimistic view overlooks the fact that employment offers far more than income. For many people it supplies structure, a sense of competence and a network of colleagues, none of which is easily replaced by leisure. Indeed, research into long-term unemployment suggests that losing these benefits can be as damaging as losing the wages themselves. Not only does automation threaten particular jobs, but it may also erode the routines that give daily life its shape, and it is by no means clear that people will fill the gap with activities of equal value.
A more balanced position is therefore called for. Rather than resisting technology, societies might invest in retraining and in shorter working weeks, so that the gains are shared rather than concentrated in a few hands. It is also worth noting that the occupations most resistant to automation, such as teaching and nursing, tend to be those in which human relationships matter most, which hints at where future effort could usefully be directed.
In conclusion, automation is neither a threat nor a cure in itself. Its effect on well-being will depend on whether we are prepared to redefine work, and not merely to reduce it.
가장 알맞은 것 고르기
격식 있는 논의형 에세이에 가장 알맞은 선택지를 고르세요.
- Which sentence is most suitably hedged for an academic essay?
- ___ such tasks to disappear, workers could focus on more creative activities.
- ___ the benefits are considerable, they are unevenly shared.
- Which sentence best opens a paragraph that challenges the previous one?
- Not only ___ threaten particular jobs, but it also changes daily routines.
- Which phrase best introduces a final paragraph that weighs the arguments?
- Which sentence avoids an unsupported generalisation?
에세이 표현 완성하기
각 문장을 완성하도록 단어 하나를 입력하세요.
- It is widely ___ (assume) that automation will give people more free time.
- ___ from income, work gives many people a sense of competence.
- This view overlooks ___ fact that work gives life structure.
- Societies might invest in retraining, ___ that the gains are shared more widely.
- Automation is neither a threat ___ a cure in itself.
- Jobs that rely on empathy are, on the ___, harder to automate.
- Whether wages will rise remains ___ be seen.
쓰기 과제
일부 사람들은 재택근무가 도심의 사회적 중요성을 떨어뜨릴 것이라고 주장합니다. 이 견해의 양쪽 측면을 논하고 자신의 결론을 제시하는 논의형 에세이를 쓰세요.
220–280단어
내 글 확인
- 서론에서 쟁점과 나의 논지를 밝혔습니다.
- 각 본문 단락이 하나의 주요 생각을 전개합니다.
- 반대 견해의 요점을 적어도 하나는 양보했습니다.
- 주장을 완곡하게 표현했습니다(may, tends to, it seems likely).
- 연결어를 사용해 대조, 추가, 결과를 나타냈습니다.
- 결론에서 논거를 반복하지 않고 저울질했습니다.
정답
가장 알맞은 것 고르기
- c) Automation may well reduce demand for certain kinds of routine work.May well reduce는 절제된 신중한 주장입니다. 나머지 문장은 지나치게 일반화합니다.
- b) WereWere ... to disappear는 가정적인 상황을 나타내는 도치 조건문(If such tasks were to disappear)입니다. Should는 뒤에 동사원형이 와야 하고(Should such tasks disappear), Did는 여기서 to와 함께 도치할 수 없습니다.
- c) AlthoughAlthough는 절을 이끕니다. Despite는 명사나 -ing형이 필요하고, Nevertheless는 별개의 문장을 시작합니다.
- a) Nevertheless, this optimistic view overlooks the importance of routine.Nevertheless는 대조를 나타내고, overlooks는 어떤 생각을 절제해서 비판하는 표현입니다.
- c) does automation절의 맨 앞에 Not only가 오면 주어와 조동사를 도치합니다: does automation threaten.
- b) On balance,On balance는 양쪽을 저울질한 뒤의 판단을 나타냅니다. 나머지는 요점을 추가하거나 예시를 듭니다.
- c) Some commentators argue that automation may widen inequality.Some commentators argue는 주장의 출처를 밝히고 may widen은 그것을 완곡하게 만듭니다. 나머지 문장은 단정적입니다.
에세이 표현 완성하기
- assumedIt is widely assumed (또는 believed, thought, expected) that ...은 생각을 자기 것으로 하지 않고 제시하는 대표적인 비인칭 도입부입니다. 수동태에는 과거분사가 필요합니다: assumed.
- Aside / ApartAside from과 Apart from은 둘 다 “in addition to”(~ 외에도)라는 뜻입니다.
- the사실이 구체적으로 확인된 것일 때 the fact that ...이라고 합니다.
- soSo that은 목적을 나타내는 절을 이끕니다.
- norNeither는 nor와 짝을 이루며 not이나 or와는 짝이 되지 않습니다.
- wholeOn the whole은 “in general”(전반적으로)이라는 뜻의 완곡 표현입니다.
- toIt remains to be seen은 결과가 아직 알려지지 않았다는 뜻의 고정 표현입니다.
모범 답안
It is frequently suggested that the growth of remote work will diminish the role of city centres. Whether this proves true depends on what we think centres are for.
Admittedly, the evidence is suggestive. Offices that emptied when remote work became widespread have not always refilled, and shops that relied on commuters have struggled. Rents in some business districts have already fallen, which encourages owners to look for alternative uses. Were this pattern to continue, some districts might well become redundant.
However, this argument assumes that centres exist chiefly to house workplaces. In reality they also provide theatres, markets, libraries and meeting places, none of which is easily replicated at a kitchen table. Moreover, many employees report that working alone for long periods leaves them isolated, which suggests that the appeal of shared urban space may actually increase.
It is also worth remembering that cities have adapted before. When factories moved out, former industrial districts were converted into homes and studios, and the centres that survived were those that offered something people could not find elsewhere.
On balance, remote work is likely to change the character of city centres rather than end their importance. The challenge for planners will be to encourage a richer mix of uses, so that centres attract people for reasons other than their jobs. If that succeeds, the city centre of the future may be busier at weekends than on weekdays, and none the worse for it.