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Joy English · Livello C1 · Ricerca e provejoy-english.com

Test 1: Ricerca, prove e dubbio

Nome:Data:

Un test avanzato misto su come le affermazioni scientifiche vengono valutate, riportate e messe in dubbio: collocazioni, connettivi, inversione e formazione delle parole.

Parte 1: Spazi a scelta multipla

Scegli la parola o l'espressione che completa meglio ogni frase.

  1. Journalists sometimes ___ the significance of a single small study, presenting tentative results as settled fact.
    • a) overturn
    • b) overtake
    • c) overplay
    • d) overhaul
  2. The correlation was strong, but that does not ___ imply that one factor causes the other.
    • a) necessarily
    • b) evidently
    • c) eventually
    • d) hardly
  3. Not until the data had been re-analysed ___ the original error come to light.
    • a) has
    • b) was
    • c) had
    • d) did
  4. The sample was small; ___, the results were consistent across all three sites.
    • a) as a result
    • b) even so
    • c) in that case
    • d) for instance
  5. The authors ___ their claims with several caveats, noting that more work is needed.
    • a) quantify
    • b) qualify
    • c) amplify
    • d) identify
  6. The new theory has been ___ a good deal of scepticism.
    • a) run up
    • b) faced up
    • c) met with
    • d) come across
  7. The research, the findings of ___ are freely available, was funded by a charity.
    • a) whose
    • b) that
    • c) what
    • d) which
  8. Had the researchers ___ the sample earlier, they might have avoided the bias.
    • a) widen
    • b) widened
    • c) been widened
    • d) widening

Parte 2: Spazi aperti

Scrivi una parola in ogni spazio.

  1. The report stops ___ of claiming that the drug is completely safe.
  2. The effect, ___ far as the evidence suggests, is modest.
  3. Little ___ the researchers know that their error would be exposed within a week.
  4. Convincing ___ they may seem, the results do not prove a causal link.
  5. The scientists were reluctant to speculate ___ the cause until more data came in.
  6. Rather ___ accept the findings at face value, the editor asked for an independent review.
  7. The journal has a policy ___ which every paper must include a statement on funding.
  8. Whatever the merits of the study, it cannot be taken ___ proof that the treatment works.

Parte 3: Formazione delle parole

Usa la parola in MAIUSCOLO alla fine di ogni frase per formare una parola adatta allo spazio vuoto. Scrivi una sola parola.

  1. Critics described the sampling as ___ and open to bias. (SYSTEM)
  2. The ___ of the findings has been questioned by several teams. (VALID)
  3. Her claim was never ___ by independent evidence. (SUBSTANCE)
  4. There is widespread ___ with the way results are reported, and many scientists are calling for reform. (SATISFY)
  5. The committee's commitment to ___ reassured the public. (TRANSPARENT)
  6. It would be ___ to draw firm conclusions from so little data. (WISE)
  7. The ___ of the team's approach lay in combining two methods. (ORIGIN)
  8. The figures were ___ presented in the press release. (MISLEAD)

Soluzioni

Parte 1: Spazi a scelta multipla

  1. c) overplayOverplay qualcosa significa esagerarne l'importanza. Gli altri verbi hanno significati diversi.
  2. a) necessarilyDoes not necessarily imply è una struttura fissa. Hardly creerebbe una doppia negazione.
  3. d) didDopo un'espressione temporale negativa all'inizio, si invertono soggetto e ausiliare: did the error come to light.
  4. b) even soEven so introduce un contrasto con quanto appena detto. Gli altri connettivi non si adattano alla logica.
  5. b) qualifyQualify a claim significa limitarla aggiungendo condizioni o cautele.
  6. c) met withBe met with scepticism significa che le persone reagiscono con dubbio a qualcosa.
  7. d) whichDopo una preposizione (of) usiamo which per le cose: the findings of which.
  8. b) widenedÈ un terzo condizionale invertito: Had + soggetto + participio passato. Sono stati i ricercatori ad ampliare, quindi usiamo la forma attiva widened.

Parte 2: Spazi aperti

  1. shortStop short of doing something significa arrivare quasi a farlo ma non del tutto.
  2. as / soAs far as e so far as sono entrambi corretti e significano «nella misura in cui».
  3. didUn avverbio negativo come little all'inizio della frase richiede l'inversione: did the researchers know.
  4. as / thoughLa struttura aggettivo + as/though + soggetto + may/might significa «per quanto convincenti sembrino».
  5. about / on / over / upon / regarding / concerningSpeculate about, on, upon o over something sono tutti possibili; anche regarding e concerning funzionano.
  6. thanRather than + infinito significa «invece di fare qualcosa».
  7. under / byUna policy under which o by which descrive una regola che vale per tutti.
  8. asPrendiamo qualcosa as proof o as evidence.

Parte 3: Formazione delle parole

  1. unsystematic / nonsystematic / non-systematicServe un aggettivo dal significato negativo: unsystematic (o non-systematic).
  2. validityDopo the serve un nome. Il nome derivato da valid è validity.
  3. substantiatedIl passivo was never ... by richiede un participio passato. Da substance si forma il verbo substantiate, quindi substantiated.
  4. dissatisfactionIl nome richiede un prefisso negativo: dissatisfaction.
  5. transparencyDopo una preposizione serve un nome: transparency.
  6. unwiseBe + aggettivo: il senso è negativo, quindi unwise.
  7. originalityIl soggetto richiede un nome che indichi la qualità di essere nuovo: originality.
  8. misleadinglyServe un avverbio che modifichi il participio presented: misleadingly.

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