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Joy English · 레벨 C1 · 조동사joy-english.com

조동사 완료형: 과거에 대한 추측

이름:날짜:

must have, can't have, might have, should have를 사용하여 과거의 일을 알맞은 확신 정도로 판단합니다.

알맞은 형태 고르기

각 문장을 가장 알맞게 완성하는 선택지를 고르세요.

  1. The lights are off and the door is locked, so they ___ gone home.
    • a) needn't have
    • b) would have to
    • c) must have
    • d) can have
  2. That ___ been Kofi you saw at the station; he is in Madrid this week.
    • a) must have
    • b) can't have
    • c) needn't have
    • d) should have
  3. I'm not sure where Ana is. She ___ stuck in traffic.
    • a) couldn't have been
    • b) must have to be
    • c) might have been
    • d) can't be being
  4. You ___ a taxi; I would have collected you from the airport.
    • a) can't have taken
    • b) couldn't have taken
    • c) mustn't have taken
    • d) needn't have taken
  5. The courier said the parcel ___ arrived by Friday, but it hasn't.
    • a) should have
    • b) must have
    • c) can't have
    • d) couldn't have
  6. She looked exhausted. She ___ for hours.
    • a) must be worked
    • b) can have been worked
    • c) must have been working
    • d) must have worked being
  7. I wonder why Dev didn't answer. He ___ the phone ringing.
    • a) can't have been hearing
    • b) may not have heard
    • c) mustn't hear
    • d) might not heard
  8. The bridge ___ built before 1900; the style is far too modern.
    • a) must have been
    • b) should have been
    • c) needn't have been
    • d) can't have been

문장 완성하기

괄호 안 동사의 올바른 조동사 완료형을 입력하세요. 괄호 안의 첫 번째 단어가 사용할 조동사입니다.

  1. Her name is on the list, so she ___ (must / see) the email.
  2. He is very reliable; he ___ (can't / forget) the deadline.
  3. My keys are missing. They ___ (might / fall) out of my pocket.
  4. The hotel is now full. We ___ (should / book) earlier.
  5. We have enough food for ten people. We ___ (needn't / bring) so much.
  6. Their coats were soaked. They ___ (must / wait) outside for hours.
  7. Perhaps the contract was signed last week. It ___ (may / sign) last week.
  8. She arrived late, so she ___ (can't / catch) the earlier bus.

정답

알맞은 형태 고르기

  1. c) must have증거로 볼 때 거의 확실하므로 must have gone을 씁니다.
  2. b) can't have불가능했다고 확신하므로 can't have been을 씁니다.
  3. c) might have been화자가 확신하지 못하므로 might have been이 가능성을 나타냅니다.
  4. d) needn't have taken택시는 불필요했으므로 needn't have taken이 맞습니다. 다른 선택지는 I would have collected you와 어울리지 않습니다.
  5. a) should haveShould have arrived는 충족되지 않은 기대를 나타냅니다.
  6. c) must have been working더 오래 지속된 과거 활동에 대한 논리적 추론에는 must have been + -ing을 사용합니다.
  7. b) may not have heardMay not have heard는 과거에 있었을 수 있는 일을 나타냅니다. 다른 선택지는 문법에 맞지 않거나 논리적이지 않습니다.
  8. d) can't have been현대적인 양식이므로 불가능하다고 보고 can't have been built를 씁니다.

문장 완성하기

  1. must have seen과거에 대한 강한 추론에는 must have + 과거분사가 필요합니다.
  2. can't have forgotten / cannot have forgotten / couldn't have forgotten / could not have forgotten일어나지 않았다고 확신하므로 can't have forgotten(또는 couldn't have forgotten)을 씁니다.
  3. might have fallen / may have fallen / could have fallen과거에 대한 가능성에는 might have + 과거분사를 사용하며, may와 could도 맞습니다.
  4. should have booked / ought to have bookedShould have booked는 하지 않은 일에 대한 후회를 나타냅니다.
  5. needn't have brought / need not have broughtNeedn't have brought는 그 일이 이루어졌지만 불필요했다는 뜻입니다.
  6. must have been waiting / must have waited더 오래 지속된 과거 활동에 대한 추론은 must have been + -ing로 표현하는 것이 가장 좋으며, must have waited도 맞습니다.
  7. may have been signed / might have been signed / could have been signed계약서가 행위를 받는 대상이므로 수동태가 필요합니다: may have been signed.
  8. can't have caught / cannot have caught / couldn't have caught / could not have caught그녀가 늦게 도착했으므로 불가능하다고 보고 can't have caught가 맞습니다.

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