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法助動詞の完了形：過去についての推量

名前:日付:

must have、can't have、might have、should have を使って、過去の出来事を適切な確信度で判断します。

正しい形を選ぼう

各文を最もよく完成させる選択肢を選んでください。

The lights are off and the door is locked, so they ___ gone home.
- a) needn't have
- b) would have to
- c) must have
- d) can have
That ___ been Kofi you saw at the station; he is in Madrid this week.
- a) must have
- b) can't have
- c) needn't have
- d) should have
I'm not sure where Ana is. She ___ stuck in traffic.
- a) couldn't have been
- b) must have to be
- c) might have been
- d) can't be being
You ___ a taxi; I would have collected you from the airport.
- a) can't have taken
- b) couldn't have taken
- c) mustn't have taken
- d) needn't have taken
The courier said the parcel ___ arrived by Friday, but it hasn't.
- a) should have
- b) must have
- c) can't have
- d) couldn't have
She looked exhausted. She ___ for hours.
- a) must be worked
- b) can have been worked
- c) must have been working
- d) must have worked being
I wonder why Dev didn't answer. He ___ the phone ringing.
- a) can't have been hearing
- b) may not have heard
- c) mustn't hear
- d) might not heard
The bridge ___ built before 1900; the style is far too modern.
- a) must have been
- b) should have been
- c) needn't have been
- d) can't have been

かっこ内の動詞を、正しい法助動詞の完了形にして入力しましょう。かっこ内の最初の語が、使う法助動詞です。

c) must have証拠からほぼ確実なので、must have gone を使います。
b) can't have不可能だったと確信しているので、can't have been を使います。
c) might have been話し手は確信がないので、might have been は可能性を表します。
d) needn't have takenタクシーは不要だったので、needn't have taken が正解です。ほかの選択肢は I would have collected you とつながりません。
a) should haveShould have arrived は、実現しなかった期待を表します。
c) must have been workingより長く続いた過去の活動についての論理的な推量には、must have been + -ing を使います。
b) may not have heardMay not have heard は、過去に起こったかもしれない出来事を表します。ほかの選択肢は非文法的か、論理的ではありません。
d) can't have been現代的なスタイルから、それは不可能だとわかるので、can't have been built を使います。

must have seen過去についての強い推量には、must have + 過去分詞が必要です。
can't have forgotten / cannot have forgotten / couldn't have forgotten / could not have forgotten起こらなかったと確信しているので、can't have forgotten（または couldn't have forgotten）です。
might have fallen / may have fallen / could have fallen過去についての可能性には might have + 過去分詞を使います。may や could も正解です。
should have booked / ought to have bookedShould have booked は、しなかったことへの後悔を表します。
needn't have brought / need not have broughtNeedn't have brought は、行われたが不要だったことを意味します。
must have been waiting / must have waitedより長く続いた過去の活動についての推量は、must have been + -ing で表すのが最適です。must have waited も正解です。
may have been signed / might have been signed / could have been signed契約は動作を受けるので、受動態が必要です：may have been signed。
can't have caught / cannot have caught / couldn't have caught / could not have caught彼女が遅れて到着したことから不可能だとわかるので、can't have caught が正解です。