Joy English · Level C1 · Kata kerja modaljoy-english.com

Modal perfect: menduga-duga tentang masa lalu

Nama:Tanggal:

Pakai must have, can't have, might have, dan should have untuk menilai kejadian masa lalu dengan tingkat kepastian yang tepat.

Pilih bentuk yang benar

Pilih pilihan yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi setiap kalimat.

The lights are off and the door is locked, so they ___ gone home.
- a) needn't have
- b) would have to
- c) must have
- d) can have
That ___ been Kofi you saw at the station; he is in Madrid this week.
- a) must have
- b) can't have
- c) needn't have
- d) should have
I'm not sure where Ana is. She ___ stuck in traffic.
- a) couldn't have been
- b) must have to be
- c) might have been
- d) can't be being
You ___ a taxi; I would have collected you from the airport.
- a) can't have taken
- b) couldn't have taken
- c) mustn't have taken
- d) needn't have taken
The courier said the parcel ___ arrived by Friday, but it hasn't.
- a) should have
- b) must have
- c) can't have
- d) couldn't have
She looked exhausted. She ___ for hours.
- a) must be worked
- b) can have been worked
- c) must have been working
- d) must have worked being
I wonder why Dev didn't answer. He ___ the phone ringing.
- a) can't have been hearing
- b) may not have heard
- c) mustn't hear
- d) might not heard
The bridge ___ built before 1900; the style is far too modern.
- a) must have been
- b) should have been
- c) needn't have been
- d) can't have been

Ketik bentuk modal perfect yang benar dari kata kerja dalam tanda kurung. Kata pertama dalam tanda kurung adalah modal yang harus dipakai.

c) must haveBukti yang ada membuatnya hampir pasti, jadi kita memakai must have gone.
b) can't haveKita yakin hal itu mustahil, jadi kita memakai can't have been.
c) might have beenPembicara tidak yakin, jadi might have been menyatakan kemungkinan.
d) needn't have takenTaksi itu tidak perlu, jadi needn't have taken yang benar. Pilihan lain tidak masuk akal dengan I would have collected you.
a) should haveShould have arrived menyatakan harapan yang tidak terpenuhi.
c) must have been workingKesimpulan logis tentang kegiatan masa lalu yang berlangsung lama memakai must have been + -ing.
b) may not have heardMay not have heard menyatakan kejadian masa lalu yang mungkin terjadi. Pilihan lain tidak gramatikal atau tidak logis.
d) can't have beenGaya modern membuatnya mustahil, jadi kita memakai can't have been built.

must have seenKesimpulan kuat tentang masa lalu membutuhkan must have + past participle.
can't have forgotten / cannot have forgotten / couldn't have forgotten / could not have forgottenKita yakin hal itu tidak terjadi, jadi can't have forgotten (atau couldn't have forgotten).
might have fallen / may have fallen / could have fallenKemungkinan tentang masa lalu memakai might have + past participle; may dan could juga benar.
should have booked / ought to have bookedShould have booked menyatakan penyesalan atas sesuatu yang tidak kita lakukan.
needn't have brought / need not have broughtNeedn't have brought berarti hal itu sudah dilakukan tetapi tidak perlu.
must have been waiting / must have waitedKesimpulan tentang kegiatan masa lalu yang berlangsung lama paling baik diungkapkan dengan must have been + -ing; must have waited juga benar.
may have been signed / might have been signed / could have been signedKontrak itu menerima tindakan, jadi kita membutuhkan bentuk pasif: may have been signed.
can't have caught / cannot have caught / couldn't have caught / could not have caughtKedatangannya yang terlambat membuatnya mustahil, jadi can't have caught benar.