Joy English · レベル C1 · 倒置joy-english.com

否定・制限を表す副詞句の後の倒置

名前:日付:

hardly、not until、under no circumstances などの表現の後では、助動詞を主語の前に置きます。

正しい形を選ぼう

各文を正しく完成させる選択肢を選びましょう。

  1. Not only ___ the deadline, but she also exceeded every target.
    • a) she met
    • b) did she meet
    • c) she did meet
    • d) met she
  2. Rarely ___ such a thoughtful reply to harsh criticism.
    • a) I have seen
    • b) I saw
    • c) have I seen
    • d) I did see
  3. No sooner had the lecture begun ___ the projector stopped working.
    • a) than
    • b) that
    • c) when
    • d) as
  4. Hardly had we sat down ___ the waiter brought the menus.
    • a) when
    • b) while
    • c) until
    • d) after
  5. Only after the results were published ___ the scale of the problem.
    • a) the team realised
    • b) realised the team
    • c) the team did realise
    • d) did the team realise
  6. Under no circumstances ___ the storage room be left unlocked.
    • a) is
    • b) does
    • c) should
    • d) has
  7. Little ___ that the decision would change her career for ever.
    • a) she knew
    • b) did she know
    • c) knew she
    • d) she did know
  8. Nowhere in the whole document ___ any mention of the budget overrun.
    • a) there is
    • b) does there
    • c) there does
    • d) is there

文を完成させよう

文が正しく、かつ改まった文になるように、各空所に1語ずつ入力しましょう。

  1. Not until the sensors failed ___ the engineers notice the fault.
  2. No sooner had she arrived ___ the meeting started.
  3. Seldom ___ I seen such careful craftsmanship.
  4. Only when the lights went out ___ we realise how quiet the town was.
  5. On no account ___ the exhibits be touched by visitors.
  6. Hardly ___ the film begun when the power went off.
  7. Not only ___ the manager apologise, but he also offered a full refund.
  8. ___ I known the risks, I would have declined the offer.

解答

正しい形を選ぼう

  1. b) did she meet文頭に Not only があるので、助動詞が主語の前に来ます:did she meet。
  2. c) have I seen文頭の Rarely が倒置を引き起こすので、助動詞 have が I の前に来ます。
  3. a) than決まった型は No sooner ... than です。Hardly と scarcely の後には when が続きます。
  4. a) whenHardly had ... の後には when が続きます。ほかの接続語はこの型に当てはまりません。
  5. d) did the team realiseOnly after が節を導くので、主節が倒置されます:did the team realise。最初の節は普通の語順のままです。
  6. c) should主語の前に助動詞(法助動詞)が必要で、さらに受動態の be が続きます:should the storage room be left。ほかの助動詞の後に be left は続けられません。
  7. b) did she know文頭の Little は「まったく〜ない」という意味で、did を使った倒置になります:Little did she know。
  8. d) is thereNowhere は倒置を引き起こし、be動詞はそのまま there の前に移動します:is there。

文を完成させよう

  1. didNot until は主節で倒置が必要で、過去形には did が必要です:did the engineers notice。
  2. thanNo sooner の後には必ず than が続きます。
  3. have / hadSeldom は倒置を引き起こすので、助動詞が I の前に来ます:have I seen(現在完了)でも had I seen(過去完了)でも正解です。
  4. didOnly when が文頭に来ているので、主節は did を使って倒置されます。
  5. should / may / must / can / will / shallOn no account の後では、助動詞が主語の前に来ます。Should, may, must, can, will, shall はすべて、受動態の be touched の前に入れられます。
  6. hadHardly の後には、倒置を伴う過去完了が続きます:had the film begun。
  7. did文頭の Not only では主語の前に助動詞が必要で、過去形では did を使います。
  8. Had条件の倒置では、If I had known が Had I known に置き換わります。