Joy English · المستوى C2 · الأسلوبjoy-english.com

الأسمنة (nominalisation) في الأسلوب الأكاديمي

الاسم:التاريخ:

حوّل الأفعال والصفات إلى أسماء لتصبح الكتابة أكثر كثافة وتجريدًا ورسمية.

اختر الصيغة الصحيحة

اختر الخيار الذي يكمل كل جملة بشكل صحيح.

There has been a marked ___ in the number of people working from home.
- a) increased
- b) increasingly
- c) increase
- d) increasing
Which sentence expresses "Because the river flooded, the village was cut off" in a nominalised form?
- a) The village's isolation caused the river to flood.
- b) The flooding of the river cut the village off.
- c) The flooding of the village cut the river off.
- d) The river's flooding was cut off by the village.
The government's ___ on imported fuel has fallen sharply.
- a) rely
- b) reliable
- c) reliably
- d) reliance
A growing ___ of the risks has led companies to review their policies.
- a) aware
- b) awarely
- c) awareness
- d) awarenesses
The new rules gave ___ to a number of unexpected problems.
- a) rise
- b) rose
- c) raise
- d) arise
The company's rapid ___ worried investors.
- a) expand
- b) expansive
- c) expansion
- d) expansively
Our ___ to the new policy was slow.
- a) responsive
- b) respond
- c) responsively
- d) response
Which sentence would be clearest for a general reader?
- a) The implementation of the adoption of the revision was carried out by the team.
- b) The team revised the plan and put it into practice.
- c) Revision adoption implementation by the team occurred.
- d) The occurrence of the team's revising took place.

اكتب الكلمة الناقصة. تدل الكلمة بين القوسين على الفعل أو الصفة التي تشتق منها الإجابة.

The committee hesitated, and this delayed the project. → The committee's ___ delayed the project. (hesitate)
Prices rose too fast, which angered residents. → The rapid ___ in prices angered residents. (rise)
Scientists disagree about the cause. → There is ___ among scientists about the cause. (disagree)
The spread of misinformation has ___ to a loss of public trust. (one word)
Teachers must be able to adapt. → Teachers' ___ is vital. (adaptable)
Customers were loyal, so sales stayed steady. → Customer ___ kept sales steady. (loyal)
The increase ___ demand for housing has pushed up rents.
There is a widespread reluctance ___ accept the findings.

c) increaseبعد marked نحتاج إلى اسم، ويأخذ الاسم حرف الجر in: an increase in.
b) The flooding of the river cut the village off.الخيار الثاني فقط يحافظ على ترتيب السبب والنتيجة الأصلي: الفيضان هو السبب والعزلة هي النتيجة.
d) relianceيأخذ الاسم reliance حرف الجر on.
c) awarenessيأخذ الاسم awareness حرف الجر of وهو غير معدود هنا.
a) riseGive rise to عبارة ثابتة بمعنى «تسبّب في».
c) expansionبعد صيغة الملكية والصفة نحتاج إلى اسم: rapid expansion.
d) responseيتبع الاسم response حرف الجر to.
b) The team revised the plan and put it into practice.الجملة الثانية تستخدم أفعالًا، لذلك يتضح الفاعل والأفعال. أما الأخريان فتكدّسان أسماءً مجردة.

hesitation / hesitancyصيغة الاسم من hesitate هي hesitation؛ وhesitancy صحيحة أيضًا.
rise / increaseنقول a rise in أو an increase in prices.
disagreementصيغة الاسم من disagree هي disagreement.
led / contributedكلٌّ من Led to وcontributed to يربط سببًا بنتيجة.
adaptabilityصيغة الاسم من adaptable هي adaptability.
loyaltyصيغة الاسم من loyal هي loyalty.
inنقول an increase in demand.
toيتبع Reluctance المصدر to + الفعل المجرد.