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試験スキル：書き換え問題（key word transformation）と言い換え

名前:日付:

上級の試験スキルの独自の練習で、公式のテストではありません。与えられたキーワードを使って文を書き換え、微妙で慣用的な文の最も近い言い換えを選びます。

キーワードによる書き換え

2 つ目の文を、1 つ目の文と同じ意味になるように完成させてください。大文字のキーワードを含め、抜けている語だけを書いてください。キーワードは答えの一部です。

  1. She had barely sat down when the phone rang. KEY WORD: HARDLY. Complete: ___ when the phone rang.
  2. It is rumoured that the director will resign next month. KEY WORD: RUMOURED. Complete: The director ___ next month.
  3. Although I greatly admire her courage, I think the plan is unwise. KEY WORD: MUCH. Complete: ___ her courage, I think the plan is unwise.
  4. The company missed the deadline because it did not have enough staff. KEY WORD: ACCOUNTED. Complete: A shortage of staff ___ the company's failure to meet the deadline.
  5. He never imagined that his casual remark would cause such offence. KEY WORD: LITTLE. Complete: ___ that his casual remark would cause such offence.
  6. I'd rather you didn't mention the matter to anyone. KEY WORD: PREFER. Complete: I ___ mention the matter to anyone.
  7. The results were exactly the opposite of what the team had predicted. KEY WORD: CONTRARY. Complete: The results turned out ___ what the team had predicted.
  8. However hard the engineers tried, they could not repair the fault. KEY WORD: MATTER. Complete: ___ the engineers tried, they could not repair the fault.

意味が最も近いもの

元の文と意味が最も近い文を選んでください。

  1. Her remark was not so much rude as tactless.
    • a) Her remark was more tactless than rude.
    • b) Her remark was equally rude and tactless.
    • c) Her remark was neither rude nor tactless.
    • d) Her remark was more rude than tactless.
  2. He could scarcely have chosen a worse moment.
    • a) He chose the best possible moment.
    • b) The moment he chose was extremely badly timed.
    • c) He chose a moment that was only slightly unfortunate.
    • d) He avoided choosing a moment at all.
  3. But for the storm, the match would have gone ahead.
    • a) The match went ahead despite the storm.
    • b) There was no storm, so the match went ahead.
    • c) Because of the storm, the match did not go ahead.
    • d) The match will go ahead if the storm ends.
  4. The committee is unlikely to look kindly on late applications.
    • a) Late applications will probably be treated unfavourably.
    • b) The committee welcomes late applications.
    • c) The committee has not yet decided about late applications.
    • d) Late applications are never submitted to the committee.
  5. I wouldn't put it past him to take the credit.
    • a) I am sure he would never take the credit.
    • b) He has already taken the credit.
    • c) I think he is quite capable of taking the credit.
    • d) I do not mind if he takes the credit.
  6. Her explanation did little to allay our fears.
    • a) Her explanation made us much more afraid.
    • b) Her explanation removed all our fears.
    • c) Her explanation failed to reassure us much.
    • d) Her explanation was not about our fears.

解答

キーワードによる書き換え

  1. hardly had she sat down / she had hardly sat down / she'd hardly sat down文頭の Hardly は倒置を伴います。助動詞 had が主語 she の前に来ます。倒置しない She had hardly sat down も正しいです。
  2. is rumoured to be resigning / is rumoured to resign報告の構造は is rumoured + to 不定詞です。予定されている未来の出来事には、to be resigning が最も自然な選択です。
  3. much as i admire / much as i do admire / as much as i admireMuch as I admire は、「大いに称賛しているけれども」という意味の譲歩の構造です。As much as I admire は、少しくだけた別の言い方です。
  4. accounted forAccount for は「説明する、または何かの理由になる」という意味です。キーワードは、与えられたとおり過去形のままにしてください。
  5. little did he imagine / little did he think / little did he dream / little did he expect / little did he suspect「まったく〜ない」という意味の文頭の Little は、did を使った倒置が必要です。Little did he imagine（または think、expect）。
  6. would prefer you not to / 'd prefer you not to / would prefer you didn't / 'd prefer you didn't / would prefer you did not / 'd prefer you did not / would prefer it if you didn't / 'd prefer it if you didn't / would prefer it if you did not / 'd prefer it if you did notPrefer someone not to do something と prefer it if someone didn't は、同じ好みを表します。
  7. to be contrary to / contrary to / quite contrary to / directly contrary to / completely contrary to / entirely contrary to / to be quite contrary to / to be directly contrary to / to be completely contrary to / to be entirely contrary toContrary to は「〜に反して」という意味です。turn out の後には to be または形容詞句が続きます。
  8. no matter how hardNo matter how hard は however hard の意味で、hard の前に how が必要です。

意味が最も近いもの

  1. a) Her remark was more tactless than rude.Not so much X as Y は、Y のほうが X よりもそれをよく言い表しているという意味です。
  2. b) The moment he chose was extremely badly timed.Could scarcely have chosen a worse は、ほぼ考えうる最悪の時だったという意味です。
  3. c) Because of the storm, the match did not go ahead.But for は if it had not been for の意味なので、嵐が試合を中止させました。
  4. a) Late applications will probably be treated unfavourably.Not to look kindly on は「快く思わず、否定的に扱う」という意味で、unlikely to は「〜しそうにない」という見込みの意味を加えます。
  5. c) I think he is quite capable of taking the credit.慣用表現 not put it past someone to は、その人が悪いことをしかねないと思うという意味です。
  6. c) Her explanation failed to reassure us much.Did little to allay は、ほとんど和らげなかったという意味なので、私たちをあまり安心させませんでした。

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