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Keterampilan ujian: key word transformation dan parafrasa

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Latihan mandiri keterampilan ujian tingkat lanjut, bukan tes resmi: tulis ulang kalimat dengan kata kunci yang diberikan, lalu pilih parafrasa terdekat dari kalimat yang halus dan idiomatis.

Transformasi dengan key word (key word transformation)

Lengkapi kalimat kedua agar maknanya sama dengan kalimat pertama. Tulis hanya kata yang hilang, termasuk kata kunci berhuruf kapital. Kata kunci adalah bagian dari jawabanmu.

She had barely sat down when the phone rang. KEY WORD: HARDLY. Complete: ___ when the phone rang.
It is rumoured that the director will resign next month. KEY WORD: RUMOURED. Complete: The director ___ next month.
Although I greatly admire her courage, I think the plan is unwise. KEY WORD: MUCH. Complete: ___ her courage, I think the plan is unwise.
The company missed the deadline because it did not have enough staff. KEY WORD: ACCOUNTED. Complete: A shortage of staff ___ the company's failure to meet the deadline.
He never imagined that his casual remark would cause such offence. KEY WORD: LITTLE. Complete: ___ that his casual remark would cause such offence.
I'd rather you didn't mention the matter to anyone. KEY WORD: PREFER. Complete: I ___ mention the matter to anyone.
The results were exactly the opposite of what the team had predicted. KEY WORD: CONTRARY. Complete: The results turned out ___ what the team had predicted.
However hard the engineers tried, they could not repair the fault. KEY WORD: MATTER. Complete: ___ the engineers tried, they could not repair the fault.

Makna paling dekat

Pilih kalimat yang maknanya paling dekat dengan kalimat asli.

Her remark was not so much rude as tactless.
- a) Her remark was more tactless than rude.
- b) Her remark was equally rude and tactless.
- c) Her remark was neither rude nor tactless.
- d) Her remark was more rude than tactless.
He could scarcely have chosen a worse moment.
- a) He chose the best possible moment.
- b) The moment he chose was extremely badly timed.
- c) He chose a moment that was only slightly unfortunate.
- d) He avoided choosing a moment at all.
But for the storm, the match would have gone ahead.
- a) The match went ahead despite the storm.
- b) There was no storm, so the match went ahead.
- c) Because of the storm, the match did not go ahead.
- d) The match will go ahead if the storm ends.
The committee is unlikely to look kindly on late applications.
- a) Late applications will probably be treated unfavourably.
- b) The committee welcomes late applications.
- c) The committee has not yet decided about late applications.
- d) Late applications are never submitted to the committee.
I wouldn't put it past him to take the credit.
- a) I am sure he would never take the credit.
- b) He has already taken the credit.
- c) I think he is quite capable of taking the credit.
- d) I do not mind if he takes the credit.
Her explanation did little to allay our fears.
- a) Her explanation made us much more afraid.
- b) Her explanation removed all our fears.
- c) Her explanation failed to reassure us much.
- d) Her explanation was not about our fears.

Kunci jawaban

Transformasi dengan key word (key word transformation)

hardly had she sat down / she had hardly sat down / she'd hardly sat downHardly di awal kalimat memakai inversi: auxiliary had sebelum subjek she. She had hardly sat down, tanpa inversi, juga benar.
is rumoured to be resigning / is rumoured to resignStruktur pelaporannya adalah is rumoured + to-infinitive; untuk peristiwa terencana di masa depan, to be resigning adalah pilihan yang paling alami.
much as i admire / much as i do admire / as much as i admireMuch as I admire adalah struktur konsesi yang berarti although I admire greatly. As much as I admire adalah alternatif yang kurang formal.
accounted forAccount for berarti menjelaskan atau menjadi alasan bagi sesuatu. Pertahankan kata kunci dalam bentuk lampau, seperti yang diberikan.
little did he imagine / little did he think / little did he dream / little did he expect / little did he suspectLittle di awal kalimat, dengan makna sama sekali tidak, membutuhkan inversi dengan did: Little did he imagine (atau think, expect).
would prefer you not to / 'd prefer you not to / would prefer you didn't / 'd prefer you didn't / would prefer you did not / 'd prefer you did not / would prefer it if you didn't / 'd prefer it if you didn't / would prefer it if you did not / 'd prefer it if you did notPrefer someone not to do something, atau prefer it if someone didn't, menyatakan preferensi yang sama.
to be contrary to / contrary to / quite contrary to / directly contrary to / completely contrary to / entirely contrary to / to be quite contrary to / to be directly contrary to / to be completely contrary to / to be entirely contrary toContrary to berarti bertentangan dengan; turn out bisa diikuti to be atau frasa kata sifat.
no matter how hardNo matter how hard berarti however hard, dan kata how dibutuhkan sebelum hard.

Makna paling dekat

a) Her remark was more tactless than rude.Not so much X as Y berarti Y menggambarkannya lebih baik daripada X.
b) The moment he chose was extremely badly timed.Could scarcely have chosen a worse berarti itu hampir saja menjadi saat terburuk yang mungkin.
c) Because of the storm, the match did not go ahead.But for berarti if it had not been for, jadi badailah yang menghentikan pertandingan.
a) Late applications will probably be treated unfavourably.Not to look kindly on berarti memperlakukan dengan tidak setuju, dan unlikely to menambahkan gagasan kemungkinan.
c) I think he is quite capable of taking the credit.Idiom not put it past someone to berarti mengira orang itu mampu melakukan sesuatu yang buruk.
c) Her explanation failed to reassure us much.Did little to allay berarti hampir tidak mengurangi, jadi hal itu tidak banyak menenangkan kami.