Joy English · Level C1 · Esai diskursifjoy-english.com
Esai diskursif tentang otomatisasi dan pekerjaan
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Timbang pandangan-pandangan yang bersaing dalam esai diskursif yang seimbang, dengan menggunakan hedging, konsesi, dan alur argumen yang jelas.
Automation and the meaning of work
It is often assumed that the spread of automation will leave people with more leisure and, consequently, greater well-being. Whether this is so depends largely on what we expect work to provide.
Admittedly, the case for automation is strong. Machines already perform repetitive and hazardous tasks more safely and more consistently than people, and few would argue that anyone is worse off for no longer sorting parcels by hand. Were such tasks to disappear altogether, workers could, in principle, devote their time to activities that demand judgement, imagination and care.
Nevertheless, this optimistic view overlooks the fact that employment offers far more than income. For many people it supplies structure, a sense of competence and a network of colleagues, none of which is easily replaced by leisure. Indeed, research into long-term unemployment suggests that losing these benefits can be as damaging as losing the wages themselves. Not only does automation threaten particular jobs, but it may also erode the routines that give daily life its shape, and it is by no means clear that people will fill the gap with activities of equal value.
A more balanced position is therefore called for. Rather than resisting technology, societies might invest in retraining and in shorter working weeks, so that the gains are shared rather than concentrated in a few hands. It is also worth noting that the occupations most resistant to automation, such as teaching and nursing, tend to be those in which human relationships matter most, which hints at where future effort could usefully be directed.
In conclusion, automation is neither a threat nor a cure in itself. Its effect on well-being will depend on whether we are prepared to redefine work, and not merely to reduce it.
Pilih opsi terbaik
Pilih opsi yang paling tepat dalam esai diskursif formal.
- Which sentence is most suitably hedged for an academic essay?
- ___ such tasks to disappear, workers could focus on more creative activities.
- ___ the benefits are considerable, they are unevenly shared.
- Which sentence best opens a paragraph that challenges the previous one?
- Not only ___ threaten particular jobs, but it also changes daily routines.
- Which phrase best introduces a final paragraph that weighs the arguments?
- Which sentence avoids an unsupported generalisation?
Lengkapi bahasa esai
Ketik satu kata untuk melengkapi setiap kalimat.
- It is widely ___ (assume) that automation will give people more free time.
- ___ from income, work gives many people a sense of competence.
- This view overlooks ___ fact that work gives life structure.
- Societies might invest in retraining, ___ that the gains are shared more widely.
- Automation is neither a threat ___ a cure in itself.
- Jobs that rely on empathy are, on the ___, harder to automate.
- Whether wages will rise remains ___ be seen.
Tugas menulis
Sebagian orang berpendapat bahwa bekerja dari rumah akan membuat pusat kota kurang penting bagi masyarakat. Tulis esai diskursif yang membahas kedua sisi pandangan ini dan berikan kesimpulanmu sendiri.
220–280 kata
Periksa tulisanmu
- Saya menyatakan isu dan alur argumen saya di pengantar.
- Setiap paragraf isi mengembangkan satu gagasan utama.
- Saya mengakui minimal satu poin dari pandangan yang berlawanan.
- Saya melunakkan klaim (may, tends to, it seems likely).
- Saya menggunakan kata penghubung untuk menunjukkan kontras, penambahan, dan akibat.
- Kesimpulan saya menimbang argumen-argumen itu, bukan mengulanginya.
Kunci jawaban
Pilih opsi terbaik
- c) Automation may well reduce demand for certain kinds of routine work.May well reduce adalah klaim yang terukur dan berhati-hati. Kalimat lainnya menggeneralisasi secara berlebihan.
- b) WereWere ... to disappear adalah conditional terbalik (If such tasks were to disappear) untuk situasi hipotetis. Should membutuhkan infinitif tanpa to (Should such tasks disappear), dan Did tidak bisa dibalik dengan to di sini.
- c) AlthoughAlthough memperkenalkan sebuah klausa. Despite membutuhkan kata benda atau bentuk -ing, dan Nevertheless memulai kalimat yang terpisah.
- a) Nevertheless, this optimistic view overlooks the importance of routine.Nevertheless menandai kontras, dan overlooks adalah cara yang terukur untuk mengkritik suatu gagasan.
- c) does automationSetelah Not only di awal klausa, kita membalik subjek dan kata bantu: does automation threaten.
- b) On balance,On balance menandai penilaian setelah menimbang kedua sisi. Yang lainnya menambahkan atau mengilustrasikan poin.
- c) Some commentators argue that automation may widen inequality.Some commentators argue menyandarkan klaim itu kepada pihak lain dan may well melunakkannya (hedging); kalimat lainnya bersifat mutlak.
Lengkapi bahasa esai
- assumedIt is widely assumed (atau believed, thought, expected) that ... adalah pembuka tidak personal yang khas, yang menyampaikan suatu gagasan tanpa mengakuinya sebagai milik sendiri. Bentuk pasif membutuhkan past participle: assumed.
- Aside / ApartAside from dan Apart from keduanya berarti "selain".
- theKita mengatakan the fact that ... ketika faktanya spesifik dan sudah jelas.
- soSo that memperkenalkan klausa tujuan.
- norNeither dipasangkan dengan nor, bukan not atau or.
- wholeOn the whole adalah frasa hedging yang berarti "secara umum".
- toIt remains to be seen adalah frasa tetap yang berarti hasilnya belum diketahui.
Contoh jawaban
It is frequently suggested that the growth of remote work will diminish the role of city centres. Whether this proves true depends on what we think centres are for.
Admittedly, the evidence is suggestive. Offices that emptied when remote work became widespread have not always refilled, and shops that relied on commuters have struggled. Rents in some business districts have already fallen, which encourages owners to look for alternative uses. Were this pattern to continue, some districts might well become redundant.
However, this argument assumes that centres exist chiefly to house workplaces. In reality they also provide theatres, markets, libraries and meeting places, none of which is easily replicated at a kitchen table. Moreover, many employees report that working alone for long periods leaves them isolated, which suggests that the appeal of shared urban space may actually increase.
It is also worth remembering that cities have adapted before. When factories moved out, former industrial districts were converted into homes and studios, and the centres that survived were those that offered something people could not find elsewhere.
On balance, remote work is likely to change the character of city centres rather than end their importance. The challenge for planners will be to encourage a richer mix of uses, so that centres attract people for reasons other than their jobs. If that succeeds, the city centre of the future may be busier at weekends than on weekdays, and none the worse for it.