Joy English
Joy English
← Back to the lesson

Joy English · Level C1 · The environmentjoy-english.com

Test 3: Rewilding and ecosystems

Name:Date:

An advanced mixed test about restoring natural habitats: collocation, relative clauses, inversion and word formation.

Part 1: Multiple-choice gaps

Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.

  1. The reintroduction of beavers has had a ___ effect on local wetlands.
    • a) heavy
    • b) profound
    • c) dense
    • d) tall
  2. Conservationists have long ___ for stronger protection of coastal habitats.
    • a) campaigned
    • b) competed
    • c) contested
    • d) conducted
  3. The marsh bird was thought ___ extinct until a small colony was discovered.
    • a) being
    • b) to be
    • c) to have
    • d) that
  4. Reducing grazing pressure allows native vegetation to ___ naturally.
    • a) reconstruct
    • b) renovate
    • c) regenerate
    • d) retrieve
  5. Few landowners are willing to give up productive land, ___ turn it over to wilderness.
    • a) even if
    • b) so as
    • c) let alone
    • d) as if
  6. The scheme is ___ funded, so its future is uncertain.
    • a) inadequately
    • b) incapably
    • c) insufficient
    • d) inaccurately
  7. ___ the dam been removed years earlier, the salmon might have recovered.
    • a) Should
    • b) Were
    • c) If
    • d) Had
  8. It is only by restoring whole ecosystems ___ we can hope to halt the decline.
    • a) which
    • b) what
    • c) that
    • d) when

Part 2: Open gaps

Type one word in each gap.

  1. Wolves keep deer numbers in check, with the result ___ young trees can grow again.
  2. Not for a moment ___ the volunteers expect the restoration to be easy.
  3. Conservation efforts have met ___ mixed success.
  4. Large areas of heathland have been lost, and ___ remains is under threat.
  5. Provided ___ the funding continues, the project should reach its target.
  6. Much ___ we admire the scheme, we must be realistic about its limits.
  7. Nobody could have predicted ___ quickly the fish would return.
  8. The valley, parts ___ which are still farmed, is now mostly a reserve.

Part 3: Word formation

Use the word in CAPITALS at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits the gap. Type one word.

  1. The ___ of ancient woodland takes centuries. (REGENERATE)
  2. The island is home to several ___ species that could vanish within a decade. (DANGER)
  3. Local ___ to the scheme has gradually softened. (RESIST)
  4. The new road was an ___ intrusion on a fragile habitat. (WELCOME)
  5. The charity's ___ has grown steadily since the project began. (MEMBER)
  6. The wetland recovered at a ___ speed. (REMARK)
  7. Careful ___ of water levels is essential to the project's success. (MONITOR)
  8. Hedgerows act as ___ corridors, sheltering small mammals from predators. (PROTECT)

Answer key

Part 1: Multiple-choice gaps

  1. b) profoundProfound effect means a very deep and important one. The other adjectives do not collocate with effect.
  2. a) campaignedCampaign for means to work publicly for a cause.
  3. b) to beBe thought to be + adjective is the usual passive reporting pattern.
  4. c) regenerateVegetation regenerates when it grows back by itself. Reconstruct, renovate and retrieve are things people do to buildings or objects, and they need an object.
  5. c) let aloneLet alone introduces something even less likely than what was just mentioned.
  6. a) inadequatelyWe need an adverb meaning not enough: inadequately funded.
  7. d) HadThe inverted third conditional uses Had + subject + past participle, without if.
  8. c) thatIn this cleft structure, that follows the focused phrase.

Part 2: Open gaps

  1. thatWith the result that introduces a consequence.
  2. didNot for a moment at the start of a sentence needs inversion: did the volunteers expect.
  3. withMeet with success means to achieve it, here with mixed results.
  4. what / whateverWhat remains (or whatever remains) means the part that remains; what works as a relative pronoun.
  5. thatProvided that means on condition that.
  6. asMuch as means although very much; it introduces a contrast.
  7. howHow + adverb introduces an indirect exclamation or question: how quickly.
  8. ofParts of which is a relative clause with a quantifier.

Part 3: Word formation

  1. regenerationThe subject needs a noun: regeneration.
  2. endangeredEndangered species are those at risk of extinction.
  3. resistanceAfter local we need a noun: resistance.
  4. unwelcomeThe sense is negative: an unwelcome intrusion.
  5. membershipMembership means the number or state of members.
  6. remarkableBefore the noun speed we need an adjective: remarkable.
  7. monitoringAfter careful we need a noun: monitoring.
  8. protectiveBefore corridors we need an adjective meaning giving protection: protective.

Joy English · free English practice · https://joy-english.com/use-of-english/c1-rewilding-and-ecosystems