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Joy English · 레벨 C1 · 연구와 증거joy-english.com

테스트 1: 연구, 증거, 의심

이름:날짜:

과학적 주장이 어떻게 평가되고, 보고되고, 의심받는지에 관한 고급 종합 테스트: 연어, 연결어, 도치, 단어 형성.

Part 1: 객관식 빈칸

각 문장을 가장 알맞게 완성하는 단어나 구를 고르세요.

  1. Journalists sometimes ___ the significance of a single small study, presenting tentative results as settled fact.
    • a) overturn
    • b) overtake
    • c) overplay
    • d) overhaul
  2. The correlation was strong, but that does not ___ imply that one factor causes the other.
    • a) necessarily
    • b) evidently
    • c) eventually
    • d) hardly
  3. Not until the data had been re-analysed ___ the original error come to light.
    • a) has
    • b) was
    • c) had
    • d) did
  4. The sample was small; ___, the results were consistent across all three sites.
    • a) as a result
    • b) even so
    • c) in that case
    • d) for instance
  5. The authors ___ their claims with several caveats, noting that more work is needed.
    • a) quantify
    • b) qualify
    • c) amplify
    • d) identify
  6. The new theory has been ___ a good deal of scepticism.
    • a) run up
    • b) faced up
    • c) met with
    • d) come across
  7. The research, the findings of ___ are freely available, was funded by a charity.
    • a) whose
    • b) that
    • c) what
    • d) which
  8. Had the researchers ___ the sample earlier, they might have avoided the bias.
    • a) widen
    • b) widened
    • c) been widened
    • d) widening

Part 2: 주관식 빈칸

빈칸마다 단어를 하나씩 입력하세요.

  1. The report stops ___ of claiming that the drug is completely safe.
  2. The effect, ___ far as the evidence suggests, is modest.
  3. Little ___ the researchers know that their error would be exposed within a week.
  4. Convincing ___ they may seem, the results do not prove a causal link.
  5. The scientists were reluctant to speculate ___ the cause until more data came in.
  6. Rather ___ accept the findings at face value, the editor asked for an independent review.
  7. The journal has a policy ___ which every paper must include a statement on funding.
  8. Whatever the merits of the study, it cannot be taken ___ proof that the treatment works.

Part 3: 단어 형성

각 문장 끝의 대문자 단어를 사용해 빈칸에 맞는 단어를 만드세요. 한 단어를 입력하세요.

  1. Critics described the sampling as ___ and open to bias. (SYSTEM)
  2. The ___ of the findings has been questioned by several teams. (VALID)
  3. Her claim was never ___ by independent evidence. (SUBSTANCE)
  4. There is widespread ___ with the way results are reported, and many scientists are calling for reform. (SATISFY)
  5. The committee's commitment to ___ reassured the public. (TRANSPARENT)
  6. It would be ___ to draw firm conclusions from so little data. (WISE)
  7. The ___ of the team's approach lay in combining two methods. (ORIGIN)
  8. The figures were ___ presented in the press release. (MISLEAD)

정답

Part 1: 객관식 빈칸

  1. c) overplayTo overplay something은 그것의 중요성을 과장한다는 뜻입니다. 나머지 동사들은 뜻이 다릅니다.
  2. a) necessarilyDoes not necessarily imply는 고정된 구조입니다. Hardly는 이중 부정이 됩니다.
  3. d) did문장 맨 앞의 부정적인 시간 표현 뒤에서는 주어와 조동사가 도치됩니다: did the error come to light.
  4. b) even soEven so는 방금 한 말과 대조되는 내용을 이끕니다. 나머지 연결어는 논리에 맞지 않습니다.
  5. b) qualifyTo qualify a claim은 조건이나 단서를 덧붙여 그것을 제한한다는 뜻입니다.
  6. c) met withBe met with scepticism은 사람들이 어떤 것에 의심으로 반응한다는 뜻입니다.
  7. d) which전치사(of) 뒤에서 사물에는 which를 씁니다: the findings of which.
  8. b) widened이것은 도치된 제3조건문입니다: Had + 주어 + 과거분사. 넓힌 것은 연구자들이므로 능동형 widened를 씁니다.

Part 2: 주관식 빈칸

  1. shortStop short of doing something은 그 일을 하는 데 거의 이르지만 완전히는 하지 않는다는 뜻입니다.
  2. as / soAs far as와 so far as는 둘 다 맞으며 “~하는 범위까지”라는 뜻입니다.
  3. did문장 맨 앞의 little 같은 부정 부사는 도치가 필요합니다: did the researchers know.
  4. as / though형용사 + as/though + 주어 + may/might 구조는 “아무리 설득력 있어 보여도”라는 뜻입니다.
  5. about / on / over / upon / regarding / concerningSpeculate about, on, upon, over는 모두 가능하며, regarding과 concerning도 쓸 수 있습니다.
  6. thanRather than + 동사원형은 “~하는 대신에”라는 뜻입니다.
  7. under / byA policy under which 또는 by which는 모두에게 적용되는 규칙을 설명합니다.
  8. as우리는 무언가를 증거로 받아들입니다. take something as proof 또는 as evidence.

Part 3: 단어 형성

  1. unsystematic / nonsystematic / non-systematic부정적인 의미의 형용사가 필요합니다: unsystematic(또는 non-systematic).
  2. validitythe 뒤에는 명사가 필요합니다. valid의 명사형은 validity입니다.
  3. substantiated수동태 was never ... by에는 과거분사가 필요합니다. substance에서 동사 substantiate를 만들므로 substantiated입니다.
  4. dissatisfaction명사에 부정 접두사가 필요합니다: dissatisfaction.
  5. transparency전치사 뒤에는 명사가 필요합니다: transparency.
  6. unwiseBe + 형용사. 의미가 부정적이므로 unwise입니다.
  7. originality주어에는 “새롭다는 성질”을 뜻하는 명사가 필요합니다: originality.
  8. misleadingly분사 presented를 수식하는 부사가 필요합니다: misleadingly.

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