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Joy English · Level C1 · Penelitian dan buktijoy-english.com

Tes 1: Penelitian, bukti, dan keraguan

Nama:Tanggal:

Tes campuran tingkat mahir tentang bagaimana klaim ilmiah ditimbang, dilaporkan, dan diragukan: kolokasi, kata penghubung, inversi, dan pembentukan kata.

Bagian 1: Pilihan ganda

Pilih kata atau frasa yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi setiap kalimat.

  1. Journalists sometimes ___ the significance of a single small study, presenting tentative results as settled fact.
    • a) overturn
    • b) overtake
    • c) overplay
    • d) overhaul
  2. The correlation was strong, but that does not ___ imply that one factor causes the other.
    • a) necessarily
    • b) evidently
    • c) eventually
    • d) hardly
  3. Not until the data had been re-analysed ___ the original error come to light.
    • a) has
    • b) was
    • c) had
    • d) did
  4. The sample was small; ___, the results were consistent across all three sites.
    • a) as a result
    • b) even so
    • c) in that case
    • d) for instance
  5. The authors ___ their claims with several caveats, noting that more work is needed.
    • a) quantify
    • b) qualify
    • c) amplify
    • d) identify
  6. The new theory has been ___ a good deal of scepticism.
    • a) run up
    • b) faced up
    • c) met with
    • d) come across
  7. The research, the findings of ___ are freely available, was funded by a charity.
    • a) whose
    • b) that
    • c) what
    • d) which
  8. Had the researchers ___ the sample earlier, they might have avoided the bias.
    • a) widen
    • b) widened
    • c) been widened
    • d) widening

Bagian 2: Isian terbuka

Ketik satu kata di setiap bagian kosong.

  1. The report stops ___ of claiming that the drug is completely safe.
  2. The effect, ___ far as the evidence suggests, is modest.
  3. Little ___ the researchers know that their error would be exposed within a week.
  4. Convincing ___ they may seem, the results do not prove a causal link.
  5. The scientists were reluctant to speculate ___ the cause until more data came in.
  6. Rather ___ accept the findings at face value, the editor asked for an independent review.
  7. The journal has a policy ___ which every paper must include a statement on funding.
  8. Whatever the merits of the study, it cannot be taken ___ proof that the treatment works.

Bagian 3: Pembentukan kata

Gunakan kata dengan HURUF KAPITAL di akhir setiap kalimat untuk membentuk kata yang cocok dengan bagian kosong. Ketik satu kata.

  1. Critics described the sampling as ___ and open to bias. (SYSTEM)
  2. The ___ of the findings has been questioned by several teams. (VALID)
  3. Her claim was never ___ by independent evidence. (SUBSTANCE)
  4. There is widespread ___ with the way results are reported, and many scientists are calling for reform. (SATISFY)
  5. The committee's commitment to ___ reassured the public. (TRANSPARENT)
  6. It would be ___ to draw firm conclusions from so little data. (WISE)
  7. The ___ of the team's approach lay in combining two methods. (ORIGIN)
  8. The figures were ___ presented in the press release. (MISLEAD)

Kunci jawaban

Bagian 1: Pilihan ganda

  1. c) overplayTo overplay something berarti melebih-lebihkan pentingnya. Kata kerja lainnya memiliki makna yang berbeda.
  2. a) necessarilyDoes not necessarily imply adalah pola tetap. Hardly akan menciptakan negatif ganda.
  3. d) didSetelah ungkapan waktu negatif di awal, kita membalik subjek dan auxiliary: did the error come to light.
  4. b) even soEven so memperkenalkan kontras dengan hal yang baru saja dikatakan. Kata penghubung lainnya tidak sesuai dengan logikanya.
  5. b) qualifyTo qualify a claim berarti membatasinya dengan menambahkan syarat atau kehati-hatian.
  6. c) met withBe met with scepticism berarti orang menanggapi sesuatu dengan keraguan.
  7. d) whichSetelah preposisi (of), kita memakai which untuk benda: the findings of which.
  8. b) widenedIni adalah third conditional dengan inversi: Had + subjek + past participle. Para peneliti yang melakukan pelebaran, jadi kita memakai bentuk aktif widened.

Bagian 2: Isian terbuka

  1. shortStop short of doing something berarti hampir sampai melakukannya, tetapi tidak sepenuhnya.
  2. as / soAs far as dan so far as sama-sama benar dan berarti sejauh.
  3. didAdverbia negatif seperti little di awal kalimat membutuhkan inversi: did the researchers know.
  4. as / thoughPola kata sifat + as/though + subjek + may/might berarti seyakin apa pun kelihatannya.
  5. about / on / over / upon / regarding / concerningSpeculate about, on, upon, atau over something semuanya mungkin; regarding dan concerning juga bisa dipakai.
  6. thanRather than + infinitive berarti sebagai ganti melakukan sesuatu.
  7. under / byA policy under which atau by which menggambarkan aturan yang berlaku untuk semua orang.
  8. asKita take something as proof atau as evidence.

Bagian 3: Pembentukan kata

  1. unsystematic / nonsystematic / non-systematicKita membutuhkan kata sifat bermakna negatif: unsystematic (atau non-systematic).
  2. validitySetelah the, kita membutuhkan kata benda. Kata benda dari valid adalah validity.
  3. substantiatedPasif was never ... by membutuhkan past participle. Dari substance kita membentuk kata kerja substantiate, jadi substantiated.
  4. dissatisfactionKata benda ini membutuhkan awalan negatif: dissatisfaction.
  5. transparencySetelah preposisi, kita membutuhkan kata benda: transparency.
  6. unwiseBe + kata sifat: maknanya negatif, jadi unwise.
  7. originalitySubjeknya membutuhkan kata benda yang berarti sifat baru: originality.
  8. misleadinglyKita membutuhkan kata keterangan untuk menerangkan participle presented: misleadingly.

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