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Joy English · Nivel C1 · Investigación y pruebasjoy-english.com

Test 1: Investigación, pruebas y duda

Nombre:Fecha:

Un test mixto avanzado sobre cómo se sopesan, se comunican y se ponen en duda las afirmaciones científicas: colocaciones, conectores, inversión y formación de palabras.

Parte 1: Huecos de opción múltiple

Elige la palabra o expresión que mejor completa cada frase.

  1. Journalists sometimes ___ the significance of a single small study, presenting tentative results as settled fact.
    • a) overturn
    • b) overtake
    • c) overplay
    • d) overhaul
  2. The correlation was strong, but that does not ___ imply that one factor causes the other.
    • a) necessarily
    • b) evidently
    • c) eventually
    • d) hardly
  3. Not until the data had been re-analysed ___ the original error come to light.
    • a) has
    • b) was
    • c) had
    • d) did
  4. The sample was small; ___, the results were consistent across all three sites.
    • a) as a result
    • b) even so
    • c) in that case
    • d) for instance
  5. The authors ___ their claims with several caveats, noting that more work is needed.
    • a) quantify
    • b) qualify
    • c) amplify
    • d) identify
  6. The new theory has been ___ a good deal of scepticism.
    • a) run up
    • b) faced up
    • c) met with
    • d) come across
  7. The research, the findings of ___ are freely available, was funded by a charity.
    • a) whose
    • b) that
    • c) what
    • d) which
  8. Had the researchers ___ the sample earlier, they might have avoided the bias.
    • a) widen
    • b) widened
    • c) been widened
    • d) widening

Parte 2: Huecos abiertos

Escribe una palabra en cada hueco.

  1. The report stops ___ of claiming that the drug is completely safe.
  2. The effect, ___ far as the evidence suggests, is modest.
  3. Little ___ the researchers know that their error would be exposed within a week.
  4. Convincing ___ they may seem, the results do not prove a causal link.
  5. The scientists were reluctant to speculate ___ the cause until more data came in.
  6. Rather ___ accept the findings at face value, the editor asked for an independent review.
  7. The journal has a policy ___ which every paper must include a statement on funding.
  8. Whatever the merits of the study, it cannot be taken ___ proof that the treatment works.

Parte 3: Formación de palabras

Usa la palabra en MAYÚSCULAS al final de cada frase para formar una palabra que encaje en el hueco. Escribe una sola palabra.

  1. Critics described the sampling as ___ and open to bias. (SYSTEM)
  2. The ___ of the findings has been questioned by several teams. (VALID)
  3. Her claim was never ___ by independent evidence. (SUBSTANCE)
  4. There is widespread ___ with the way results are reported, and many scientists are calling for reform. (SATISFY)
  5. The committee's commitment to ___ reassured the public. (TRANSPARENT)
  6. It would be ___ to draw firm conclusions from so little data. (WISE)
  7. The ___ of the team's approach lay in combining two methods. (ORIGIN)
  8. The figures were ___ presented in the press release. (MISLEAD)

Respuestas

Parte 1: Huecos de opción múltiple

  1. c) overplayTo overplay something es exagerar su importancia. Los demás verbos tienen otros significados.
  2. a) necessarilyDoes not necessarily imply es una estructura fija. Hardly crearía una doble negación.
  3. d) didDespués de una expresión temporal negativa al comienzo, se invierten el sujeto y el auxiliar: did the error come to light.
  4. b) even soEven so introduce un contraste con lo que se acaba de decir. Los demás conectores no encajan con la lógica.
  5. b) qualifyTo qualify a claim significa «limitarla añadiendo condiciones o cautelas».
  6. c) met withBe met with scepticism significa «que la gente reacciona ante algo con duda».
  7. d) whichDespués de una preposición (of) usamos which para las cosas: the findings of which.
  8. b) widenedEs un tercer condicional invertido: Had + sujeto + participio pasado. Los investigadores fueron quienes ampliaron, así que usamos la voz activa widened.

Parte 2: Huecos abiertos

  1. shortStop short of doing something significa «llegar casi hasta hacerlo, pero no del todo».
  2. as / soAs far as y so far as son ambas correctas y significan «en la medida en que».
  3. didUn adverbio negativo como little al comienzo de una oración requiere inversión: did the researchers know.
  4. as / thoughLa estructura adjetivo + as/though + sujeto + may/might significa «por convincentes que parezcan».
  5. about / on / over / upon / regarding / concerningSpeculate about, on, upon u over something son todas posibles; regarding y concerning también sirven.
  6. thanRather than + infinitivo significa «en lugar de hacer algo».
  7. under / byA policy under which o by which describe una norma que se aplica a todos.
  8. asTake something as proof o as evidence significa «considerarlo una prueba».

Parte 3: Formación de palabras

  1. unsystematic / nonsystematic / non-systematicNecesitamos un adjetivo de significado negativo: unsystematic (o non-systematic).
  2. validityDespués de the necesitamos un sustantivo. El sustantivo de valid es validity.
  3. substantiatedLa pasiva was never ... by necesita un participio pasado. De substance formamos el verbo substantiate, por lo que substantiated.
  4. dissatisfactionEl sustantivo necesita un prefijo negativo: dissatisfaction.
  5. transparencyDespués de una preposición necesitamos un sustantivo: transparency.
  6. unwiseBe + adjetivo: el sentido es negativo, por lo que unwise.
  7. originalityEl sujeto necesita un sustantivo que signifique «la cualidad de ser nuevo»: originality.
  8. misleadinglyNecesitamos un adverbio que modifique al participio presented: misleadingly.

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