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وودرو ويلسون قبل البيت الأبيض

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اقرأ مقتطفًا من تقرير VOA Learning English عن تعليم وودرو ويلسون وعمله الأكاديمي وخطواته الأولى في الحياة العامة.

Woodrow Wilson: Idealist

Wilson’s early life was marked by poor health and a passion for learning. His education included tutoring by Confederate soldiers, classes with his father, a year at Davidson College, a bachelor’s degree from the school now called Princeton, one year of law school, and a doctoral degree in history and political science from the University of Johns Hopkins.

He remains, so far, the only president with a Ph.D.

Wilson’s academic interests were in government, and how it could be most effective. Even as a young man, he supported the idea of a strong executive, either a prime minister or a president.

He wrote a number of books, including a biography of George Washington, and a history of the United States. He also taught popular classes at several colleges, including Bryn Mawr in Pennsylvania, Wesleyan in Connecticut, and Princeton in New Jersey.

In time, Wilson became the president of Princeton. He made major reforms to the school until some faculty and alumni resisted his efforts.

Wilson had always been interested in political power. The Democratic Party in New Jersey became interested in Wilson when they were looking for a candidate with an honest public image.

In truth, party officials believed he would be a weak leader whom they could influence. Wilson surprised them by winning the seat as New Jersey governor easily, and then rejecting their efforts to control him.

He went on to pass major reform legislation in New Jersey that reduced corruption and protected the rights of workers. His actions drew the attention of Democratic Party leaders seeking a candidate for president in 1912.

افهم النص

اقرأ النص. اختر الإجابة الصحيحة.

  1. What was Wilson's early life like?
    • a) He was very healthy and loved sport.
    • b) He was often ill and loved learning.
    • c) He travelled a lot with his family.
  2. Wilson is the only U.S. president so far with a Ph.D.
    • a) True
    • b) False
  3. What were Wilson's academic interests?
    • a) Medicine and science
    • b) Art and music
    • c) Government and how it could work best
  4. Which of these did Wilson write?
    • a) A biography of George Washington
    • b) A guide to New Jersey
    • c) A history of Princeton
  5. What happened when Wilson made major reforms at Princeton?
    • a) Everyone supported him.
    • b) Some faculty and alumni resisted his efforts.
    • c) He lost his job immediately.
  6. Why did the Democratic Party in New Jersey become interested in Wilson?
    • a) He had an honest public image.
    • b) He was very rich.
    • c) He was a famous soldier.
  7. According to the text, what did party officials really believe about Wilson?
    • a) He would refuse to become governor.
    • b) He would lose the election.
    • c) He would be a weak leader they could influence.
  8. What did Wilson do as governor?
    • a) He built new universities.
    • b) He passed reforms that reduced corruption and protected workers' rights.
    • c) He let party officials control him.

كلمات وتفاصيل

اختر أفضل إجابة، أو اكتب كلمة واحدة أو رقمًا واحدًا من النص.

  1. Wilson had "a passion for learning". A passion is ...
    • a) a very strong interest
    • b) a small problem
    • c) a fear
  2. Wilson spent one year at ___ school.
  3. Wilson's education included classes with his ___.
  4. "Wilson surprised them by winning the seat as New Jersey governor easily." This means the party officials ...
    • a) had helped him a lot
    • b) had not expected him to win so easily
    • c) had chosen another candidate
  5. Wilson was "rejecting their efforts to control him". This means he was ...
    • a) accepting their help
    • b) asking them for advice
    • c) refusing to let them control him
  6. Democratic Party leaders were looking for a presidential candidate in ___.

مفتاح الإجابات

افهم النص

  1. b) He was often ill and loved learning.يقول النص إن حياته المبكرة اتسمت بضعف الصحة وشغف بالتعلم.
  2. a) Trueيقول النص: He remains, so far, the only president with a Ph.D.
  3. c) Government and how it could work bestكانت اهتماماته الأكاديمية في الحكومة، وفي كيفية جعلها أكثر فاعلية.
  4. a) A biography of George Washingtonكتب عددًا من الكتب، من بينها سيرة حياة جورج واشنطن وكتاب عن تاريخ الولايات المتحدة.
  5. b) Some faculty and alumni resisted his efforts.أجرى إصلاحات كبيرة إلى أن قاوم بعض أعضاء هيئة التدريس والخريجين جهوده.
  6. a) He had an honest public image.كانوا يبحثون عن مرشح يتمتع بصورة عامة نزيهة.
  7. c) He would be a weak leader they could influence.في الحقيقة، اعتقد مسؤولو الحزب أنه سيكون قائدًا ضعيفًا يمكنهم التأثير فيه.
  8. b) He passed reforms that reduced corruption and protected workers' rights.أقرّ تشريعات إصلاحية مهمة قلّلت الفساد وحمت حقوق العمال.

كلمات وتفاصيل

  1. a) a very strong interestالشغف هو اهتمام قوي جدًا بشيء ما أو حب كبير له.
  2. lawشملت دراسته سنة واحدة في كلية الحقوق.
  3. fatherيذكر النص الدروس الخصوصية، والدروس مع والده، والجامعة، وكلية الحقوق، ودرجة الدكتوراه.
  4. b) had not expected him to win so easilyإذا فاجأك شيء ما، فهذا يعني أنك لم تكن تتوقعه.
  5. c) refusing to let them control himرفض شيء ما يعني ألا تقبله أو أن تقول له لا.
  6. 1912لفت عمله حاكمًا انتباه قادة الحزب الذين كانوا يبحثون عن مرشح للرئاسة في عام 1912.