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미국 연방 대법원의 초창기

이름:날짜:

불안정했던 미국 연방 대법원의 초창기와 1803년의 유명한 사건을 다룬 VOA Learning English 보도의 발췌문을 읽어 보세요.

The Rise of the US Supreme Court

At first, Americans were not sure how important the Supreme Court would be. Not very, some thought.

The court did not even have its own building, but moved from place to place. For a while, it operated out of the U.S. Capitol building in a meeting room lawmakers were not using.

And the position of Supreme Court justice was not highly valued.

One of the first justices, John Jay, resigned from the Supreme Court to become the governor of New York. Later, the president asked Jay to return to the high court. Jay said no. The idea of the federal judiciary had too many problems, he said. He did not think the Supreme Court could ever earn the public’s trust.

So the president at the time, John Adams, asked someone else, John Marshall, to be a Supreme Court justice.

That decision turned out to be very important. During his 34 years in office, beginning in 1801, John Marshall helped shape and strengthen the Supreme Court. One of his most historic decisions came in 1803. That year, Marshall wrote the opinion on a case called Marbury versus Madison.

The case related to a man named William Marbury. He had been offered a government job at the last minute by an outgoing president. The new president and his secretary of state, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, did not want to give Marbury the position for political reasons. But Marbury believed an earlier act of Congress required the president to appoint him. So Marbury took the dispute all the way to the Supreme Court.

The justices at the time agreed that Marbury should get the job. But they did not order Jefferson and Madison to give it to him. Instead, the justices believed, the earlier act of Congress violated the Constitution. So the whole idea behind Marbury’s case could not be justified.

That decision was historic, not because Marbury lost his case, but because of what it said about the Supreme Court. The chief justice claimed the court’s right to tell the rest of the federal government what the Constitution permits them to do.

글 이해하기

글을 읽고 알맞은 답을 고르세요.

  1. In its early years, the Supreme Court had its own building.
    • a) True
    • b) False
  2. Why did John Jay leave the Supreme Court?
    • a) To become the governor of New York
    • b) To become president
    • c) Because of poor health
  3. Why did Jay refuse to return to the court?
    • a) The salary was too low.
    • b) He did not think the court could ever earn the public's trust.
    • c) He was too old to work.
  4. For how long was John Marshall in office?
    • a) Four years
    • b) Eighteen years
    • c) 34 years
  5. Who had offered William Marbury a government job?
    • a) Thomas Jefferson
    • b) An outgoing president
    • c) James Madison
    • d) John Jay
  6. What did the justices decide about the earlier act of Congress?
    • a) It was a good law.
    • b) It should apply to all government jobs.
    • c) It violated the Constitution.
  7. Did the court order Jefferson and Madison to give Marbury the job?
    • a) No
    • b) Yes
    • c) The text does not say.
  8. Why was the decision in Marbury versus Madison historic?
    • a) Because Marbury lost his case
    • b) Because the court claimed the right to tell the government what the Constitution permits
    • c) Because Jefferson changed his mind about Marbury

단어와 세부 내용

가장 알맞은 답을 고르거나 본문에 나온 단어 또는 숫자를 하나 입력하세요.

  1. "The position of Supreme Court justice was not highly valued." This means that ...
    • a) many people did not think the job was very important
    • b) the job was easy to do
    • c) only lawyers could do the job
  2. "That decision turned out to be very important." This means it ...
    • a) was expected to be very important
    • b) was later shown to be very important
    • c) was said not to be important
  3. John Marshall's time in office began in ___.
  4. Marshall helped "shape and strengthen" the court. Here, shape means ...
    • a) draw pictures of
    • b) move to a new building
    • c) influence how something develops
  5. Marbury took the ___ all the way to the Supreme Court.
  6. "The whole idea behind Marbury's case could not be justified." Justified means ...
    • a) shown to be right or reasonable
    • b) paid for
    • c) written down

정답

글 이해하기

  1. b) False법원에는 자체 건물조차 없어서 이곳저곳으로 옮겨 다녔습니다.
  2. a) To become the governor of New York존 제이는 뉴욕 주지사가 되기 위해 연방 대법원에서 사임했습니다.
  3. b) He did not think the court could ever earn the public's trust.그는 연방 사법부에 문제가 너무 많고 법원이 대중의 신뢰를 얻을 수 있을 것이라고 생각하지 않는다고 말했습니다.
  4. c) 34 years본문에 따르면 1801년에 시작된 34년간의 재임 기간 동안입니다.
  5. b) An outgoing president마버리는 퇴임하는 대통령에게서 마지막 순간에 일자리를 제안받았습니다. 제퍼슨과 매디슨은 그에게 그 자리를 주고 싶지 않았습니다.
  6. c) It violated the Constitution.대법관들은 이전의 의회 법률이 헌법을 위반했다고 생각했습니다.
  7. a) No그러나 본문에 따르면 그들은 제퍼슨과 매디슨에게 그것을 그에게 주라고 명령하지는 않았습니다.
  8. b) Because the court claimed the right to tell the government what the Constitution permits그것이 역사적인 이유는 마버리가 패소했기 때문이 아니라, 법원이 헌법이 허용하는 것을 연방 정부에 말해 줄 권리가 있다고 주장했기 때문입니다.

단어와 세부 내용

  1. a) many people did not think the job was very important무언가가 highly valued(높이 평가받는) 대상이 아니라면, 사람들은 그것을 그다지 중요하게 생각하지 않습니다.
  2. b) was later shown to be very importantTurn out to be는 무언가가 나중에 사실로 밝혀지거나 드러난다는 뜻입니다.
  3. 1801그의 34년간의 재임은 1801년에 시작되었습니다.
  4. c) influence how something developsshape something은 무언가가 발전하는 방향에 영향을 준다는 뜻입니다.
  5. dispute / case본문에 따르면 마버리는 이 분쟁을 연방 대법원까지 끌고 갔습니다. Dispute는 심각한 의견 충돌입니다.
  6. a) shown to be right or reasonable무언가가 justified라면, 그것이 옳다는 것을 보여 주는 좋은 이유가 있다는 뜻입니다.

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