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行列に並ぶことについての小論
名前:日付:
行列の暗黙のルールについての皮肉なコラム。大げさに厳かな口調、誇張、そして冗談の裏にある主張を見抜く練習をします。
A short treatise on standing in line
Every country is said to have a national pastime, and it is a mark of how thoroughly we misunderstand ourselves that ours is usually given as a sport or the weather, when it is plainly the queue. Nobody has ever been taught to queue. We absorb the skill in childhood, as we absorb a regional accent, and we practise it with the unconscious devotion of a people who have never been asked to justify it.
Consider the structure of the thing. A queue is a society in miniature, with a constitution that nobody has written and everybody can recite. The first principle is that arrival confers rights: the one who came first shall be served first, and no argument, however ingenious, about the urgency of one's errand will be entertained. The second is that all grievances must be expressed through the sideways glance, the sigh pitched just below the level of speech, and the shifting of weight from one foot to the other. Open complaint is regarded as a failure of character.
The queue-jumper, naturally, is the villain of the piece, and nothing reveals the delicacy of the system like the manner in which he is dealt with. He is not confronted. He is not even, strictly speaking, noticed. Instead, a faint chill descends upon the surrounding air, and a small chorus of people who are all studying the ceiling with unusual attention conveys to him, more eloquently than any speech, that he has been entered in a ledger from which he will not easily be removed.
I have lately begun to suspect that this is a more efficient form of justice than any court provides. It is swift, it is free, and it requires no evidence beyond the shared conviction of thirty strangers. Its only defect is that the offender frequently fails to understand that he has been sentenced, and goes on to buy his stamps in perfect contentment, unaware that he has been condemned to a lifetime of disapproval on the part of the woman standing behind him.
There is, of course, a darker side. A people that finds it easier to suffer in silence than to say, "Excuse me, I believe I was next," has, one might argue, surrendered something precious. I once watched a man wait forty minutes in the wrong queue rather than ask anyone whether it was the right one. His patience was admirable. His destination, regrettably, was a different counter in a different building.
The modern age has attempted to abolish the queue by means of the ticket machine, the app and the virtual waiting room, all of which promise that one may stand in line without standing at all. I wish them well, but I am sceptical. A queue that cannot be seen cannot be policed, and a queue that cannot be policed is merely a list. Within a week of the introduction of the new system at my local post office, I noticed that people had begun to form, quite spontaneously, a second queue of those waiting to use the machine.
That seems to me a hopeful sign. We may lose our patience, our small change and, eventually, our post offices, but we shall never entirely lose the instinct to stand behind one another and mind our own business loudly. If civilisation does fall, I imagine that the first sound of its recovery will be a small, dry cough, followed by the words: "I think you will find that is the end of the line."
文章を理解しましょう
本文をよく読み、最も適切な答えを選びましょう。問題の中には、述べられていることではなく、書き手が暗示していることを問うものがあります。
- What is the writer's main aim in the column?
- What does the comparison with "a regional accent" suggest about queueing?
- What does "a constitution that nobody has written and everybody can recite" mean?
- According to paragraph 2, how do people usually show annoyance in a queue?
- How is the queue-jumper dealt with?
- What is the tone of the paragraph that calls queue behaviour "a more efficient form of justice"?
- What point is made by the man who waited in the wrong queue?
- What does the writer suggest by the second queue formed at the machine?
単語と詳細
文脈に最も合う意味を選ぶか、抜けている語を入力しましょう。
- In paragraph 1, "devotion" suggests that people queue with
- In paragraph 2, "ingenious" describes an argument that is
- In paragraph 2, "grievances" are
- "More eloquently than any speech" means that the silent chorus communicates
- In paragraph 6, "sceptical" means
- A queue that cannot be policed is merely a ___. (one word)
- The queue-jumper is described as the ___ of the piece. (one word)
解答
文章を理解しましょう
- a) To amuse readers by treating an everyday habit as a serious social institution, while making a gentle point about it大げさに厳かな口調(「constitution」「justice」「sentence」)はユーモラスですが、書き手は社会の習慣についての軽い観察も述べています。
- c) It is learned unconsciously from the people around us私たちは授業を受けなくても訛りを身につけます。書き手は、行列の作法も同じように身につくと述べています。
- a) The rules are unwritten but universally knownこの表現は逆説です。文書は存在しないのに、誰もがルールを知っています。
- d) Indirectly, through small gestures and sounds不満は「the sideways glance」や「the sigh pitched just below the level of speech」で表され、公然と苦情を言うことは眉をひそめられます。
- b) He is silently made to feel disapproved of彼は面と向かって咎められることも、気づかれることもありません。非難の雰囲気がメッセージを伝えます。
- d) Playful exaggeration with a half-serious point書き手はその考えを真面目に受け取るふりをしていますが、「a lifetime of disapproval」と郵便局の冗談から、笑いを狙って誇張していることがわかります。
- b) Excessive reluctance to speak up can be absurdly costly彼の「admirable」な忍耐は、簡単な質問をしようとしなかったために無駄になりました。これが「darker side」です。
- a) The instinct to queue survives even new technology人々は自然に行列をつくり直しました。書き手はこれを、その習慣が続いている「hopeful sign」と受け止めています。
単語と詳細
- c) loyal, unquestioning commitmentDevotion は強い献身という意味で、冗談は、それが無意識のものだという点にあります。
- a) clever and inventiveIngenious は「独創的で巧みな」という意味で、そのような議論でさえ無視されます。
- c) complaints about unfair treatmentGrievance は、不当に扱われたと感じることです。
- b) in a more expressive and powerful way than words wouldEloquently は「表現豊かに、説得力をもって」という意味です。
- d) doubtfulSceptical は、何かがうまくいくかどうか疑っているという意味です。
- list第6段落:「a queue that cannot be policed is merely a list」。
- villain第3段落は彼を「the villain of the piece」と呼んでいます。