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Un breve tratado sobre hacer fila

Nombre:Fecha:

Una columna irónica sobre las reglas no escritas de hacer fila. Practica el reconocimiento del tono falsamente solemne, la exageración y la idea que hay detrás del chiste.

A short treatise on standing in line

Every country is said to have a national pastime, and it is a mark of how thoroughly we misunderstand ourselves that ours is usually given as a sport or the weather, when it is plainly the queue. Nobody has ever been taught to queue. We absorb the skill in childhood, as we absorb a regional accent, and we practise it with the unconscious devotion of a people who have never been asked to justify it.

Consider the structure of the thing. A queue is a society in miniature, with a constitution that nobody has written and everybody can recite. The first principle is that arrival confers rights: the one who came first shall be served first, and no argument, however ingenious, about the urgency of one's errand will be entertained. The second is that all grievances must be expressed through the sideways glance, the sigh pitched just below the level of speech, and the shifting of weight from one foot to the other. Open complaint is regarded as a failure of character.

The queue-jumper, naturally, is the villain of the piece, and nothing reveals the delicacy of the system like the manner in which he is dealt with. He is not confronted. He is not even, strictly speaking, noticed. Instead, a faint chill descends upon the surrounding air, and a small chorus of people who are all studying the ceiling with unusual attention conveys to him, more eloquently than any speech, that he has been entered in a ledger from which he will not easily be removed.

I have lately begun to suspect that this is a more efficient form of justice than any court provides. It is swift, it is free, and it requires no evidence beyond the shared conviction of thirty strangers. Its only defect is that the offender frequently fails to understand that he has been sentenced, and goes on to buy his stamps in perfect contentment, unaware that he has been condemned to a lifetime of disapproval on the part of the woman standing behind him.

There is, of course, a darker side. A people that finds it easier to suffer in silence than to say, "Excuse me, I believe I was next," has, one might argue, surrendered something precious. I once watched a man wait forty minutes in the wrong queue rather than ask anyone whether it was the right one. His patience was admirable. His destination, regrettably, was a different counter in a different building.

The modern age has attempted to abolish the queue by means of the ticket machine, the app and the virtual waiting room, all of which promise that one may stand in line without standing at all. I wish them well, but I am sceptical. A queue that cannot be seen cannot be policed, and a queue that cannot be policed is merely a list. Within a week of the introduction of the new system at my local post office, I noticed that people had begun to form, quite spontaneously, a second queue of those waiting to use the machine.

That seems to me a hopeful sign. We may lose our patience, our small change and, eventually, our post offices, but we shall never entirely lose the instinct to stand behind one another and mind our own business loudly. If civilisation does fall, I imagine that the first sound of its recovery will be a small, dry cough, followed by the words: "I think you will find that is the end of the line."

Comprende el texto

Lee el texto con atención. Elige la mejor respuesta. Algunas preguntas se refieren a lo que el autor da a entender, no a lo que dice expresamente.

  1. What is the writer's main aim in the column?
    • a) To amuse readers by treating an everyday habit as a serious social institution, while making a gentle point about it
    • b) To teach foreign visitors how to queue correctly
    • c) To argue that queues should be abolished entirely
    • d) To report on a recent change in post office rules
  2. What does the comparison with "a regional accent" suggest about queueing?
    • a) It differs greatly from one town to another
    • b) It is difficult to change once learned
    • c) It is learned unconsciously from the people around us
    • d) It is mainly a matter of how people speak
  3. What does "a constitution that nobody has written and everybody can recite" mean?
    • a) The rules are unwritten but universally known
    • b) The rules are written in a very long document
    • c) Nobody understands the rules
    • d) Only officials know the rules
  4. According to paragraph 2, how do people usually show annoyance in a queue?
    • a) By speaking loudly to the staff
    • b) By leaving the queue at once
    • c) By writing formal complaints
    • d) Indirectly, through small gestures and sounds
  5. How is the queue-jumper dealt with?
    • a) He is politely asked to move to the back
    • b) He is silently made to feel disapproved of
    • c) He is reported to a manager
    • d) He is served first to avoid a scene
  6. What is the tone of the paragraph that calls queue behaviour "a more efficient form of justice"?
    • a) Angry and bitter criticism
    • b) Cold and scientific analysis
    • c) Sad and nostalgic regret
    • d) Playful exaggeration with a half-serious point
  7. What point is made by the man who waited in the wrong queue?
    • a) Queues at post offices are too long
    • b) Excessive reluctance to speak up can be absurdly costly
    • c) People should always leave a slow queue
    • d) Forty minutes is a reasonable time to wait
  8. What does the writer suggest by the second queue formed at the machine?
    • a) The instinct to queue survives even new technology
    • b) The new system works perfectly
    • c) People dislike the post office
    • d) The machine is too difficult to use

Palabras y detalles

Elige el mejor significado en contexto o escribe la palabra que falta.

  1. In paragraph 1, "devotion" suggests that people queue with
    • a) great reluctance
    • b) sudden enthusiasm
    • c) loyal, unquestioning commitment
    • d) religious feeling only
  2. In paragraph 2, "ingenious" describes an argument that is
    • a) clever and inventive
    • b) rude and loud
    • c) long and boring
    • d) dishonest and weak
  3. In paragraph 2, "grievances" are
    • a) pieces of luggage
    • b) forms to be filled in
    • c) complaints about unfair treatment
    • d) rewards for patience
  4. "More eloquently than any speech" means that the silent chorus communicates
    • a) more quietly than a speech
    • b) in a more expressive and powerful way than words would
    • c) at greater length
    • d) with less accuracy
  5. In paragraph 6, "sceptical" means
    • a) delighted
    • b) confident
    • c) confused
    • d) doubtful
  6. A queue that cannot be policed is merely a ___. (one word)
  7. The queue-jumper is described as the ___ of the piece. (one word)

Respuestas

Comprende el texto

  1. a) To amuse readers by treating an everyday habit as a serious social institution, while making a gentle point about itEl tono falsamente solemne ("constitution", "justice", "sentence") resulta humorístico, pero también ofrece una observación ligera sobre los hábitos sociales.
  2. c) It is learned unconsciously from the people around usAbsorbemos un acento sin clases, y el autor dice que absorbemos el hábito de hacer fila de la misma manera.
  3. a) The rules are unwritten but universally knownLa expresión es una paradoja: no existe ningún documento, pero todo el mundo sabe cuáles son las reglas.
  4. d) Indirectly, through small gestures and soundsLos agravios se expresan con "the sideways glance" y "the sigh pitched just below the level of speech"; la queja abierta está mal vista.
  5. b) He is silently made to feel disapproved ofNo se lo confronta ni se le llama la atención; un ambiente de desaprobación transmite el mensaje.
  6. d) Playful exaggeration with a half-serious pointEl autor finge tomarse la idea en serio, pero "a lifetime of disapproval" y el chiste de la oficina de correos muestran que exagera con fines cómicos.
  7. b) Excessive reluctance to speak up can be absurdly costlySu paciencia "admirable" se desperdició porque no quiso hacer una pregunta sencilla; este es el "darker side".
  8. a) The instinct to queue survives even new technologyLa gente recreó espontáneamente una fila, lo que el autor interpreta como una "hopeful sign" de que el hábito perdura.

Palabras y detalles

  1. c) loyal, unquestioning commitmentDevotion significa compromiso firme; la gracia está en que es inconsciente.
  2. a) clever and inventiveIngenious significa ingenioso de forma original; incluso esos argumentos se ignoran.
  3. c) complaints about unfair treatmentUn grievance es la sensación de haber sido tratado injustamente.
  4. b) in a more expressive and powerful way than words wouldEloquently significa de manera expresiva y persuasiva.
  5. d) doubtfulSceptical significa dudoso sobre si algo funcionará.
  6. listPárrafo 6: "a queue that cannot be policed is merely a list".
  7. villainEl párrafo 3 lo llama "the villain of the piece".