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Wawancara dengan seorang ahli ekologi restorasi

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Seorang ahli ekologi restorasi menjelaskan mengapa menghidupkan kembali rawa yang dikeringkan berarti menyingkirkan sesuatu, bukan menanam.

Audio dan pemeriksaan jawaban: https://joy-english.com/id/listening/wetland-restoration-interview

Sikap, pendapat, dan kesimpulan

Simak lalu pilih jawaban yang paling tepat. Beberapa jawaban tidak dinyatakan secara langsung.

What misunderstanding does Marisol correct at the start?
- a) That marshes cannot be restored at all
- b) That restoration takes only a few months
- c) That restoration consists mainly of planting
- d) That farmers always oppose such projects
Why did plants reappear once the water returned?
- a) Seeds that had been dormant in the soil began to grow
- b) Volunteers planted them from a nearby marsh
- c) Birds carried the seeds from other countries
- d) The farmers sowed them along the stream
What went wrong because of the farmland upstream?
- a) The water became too salty for any plants
- b) The farmers blocked the stream completely
- c) Soil washed away and buried the seeds
- d) Fertiliser helped a few aggressive reeds crowd out other plants
Why did most farmers agree to the grass strips?
- a) They were paid a large sum of money
- b) They found the strips also protected their own soil
- c) They were required to do so by law
- d) They wanted to attract more birds
What is Marisol's view of bird counts as a measure of success?
- a) They are the only reliable measure
- b) They are less important than the number of visitors
- c) They are useful but can give a misleading impression
- d) They are impossible to carry out accurately
What does Marisol imply about the flood two winters ago?
- a) It persuaded doubters more effectively than written evidence
- b) It destroyed much of the work already done
- c) It was caused by the restoration itself
- d) It made the village decide to leave
Why does Marisol mention the walking path?
- a) It brought in money to pay for the work
- b) It replaced a road that had been closed
- c) It allowed scientists to count plants more easily
- d) It made local people feel the project belonged to them
What does Marisol regret about the project?
- a) Not planting more trees in the first year
- b) Not collecting local people's knowledge earlier
- c) Not measuring the number of birds each week
- d) Not asking the farmers to leave larger strips

Menyimak detail

Dengarkan lagi dan ketik kata atau angka yang hilang. Kamu boleh menulis angka dengan kata atau digit.

Marisol has worked on the marsh for ___ years.
Almost no planting took place during the first ___ years.
The number of bird species has risen from nineteen to ___.
The river flooded ___ winters ago.
Families can now come and watch ___ from the walking path.
Farmers agreed to leave a strip of rough ___ along the stream banks.

Kunci jawaban

Sikap, pendapat, dan kesimpulan

c) That restoration consists mainly of plantingIa mengatakan empat tahun pertama hampir tidak ada penanaman; mereka terutama menyingkirkan saluran drainase.
a) Seeds that had been dormant in the soil began to growIa mengatakan benih-benih telah tertidur selama puluhan tahun dan tumbuh ketika tanah kembali basah.
d) Fertiliser helped a few aggressive reeds crowd out other plantsPupuk menguntungkan alang-alang yang agresif, yang kemudian menyingkirkan spesies lain.
b) They found the strips also protected their own soilIa mengatakan tidak ada yang dipaksa dan sebagian besar setuju setelah melihat bahwa jalur itu mengurangi hilangnya tanah dari ladang mereka sendiri.
c) They are useful but can give a misleading impressionIa mengatakan peningkatan jumlah spesies itu nyata, tetapi burung terbang dari tempat lain, sehingga angka itu bisa menyesatkan.
a) It persuaded doubters more effectively than written evidenceDesa tetap kering, yang lebih berhasil meyakinkan para peragu daripada laporan mana pun.
d) It made local people feel the project belonged to themBegitu keluarga-keluarga bisa melihat burung kuntul, proyek itu menjadi milik mereka, bukan miliknya.
b) Not collecting local people's knowledge earlierIa mengatakan mereka menyimpan data tentang tumbuhan tetapi hampir tidak ada tentang apa yang diingat warga setempat, dan sebagian pengetahuan hilang.

Menyimak detail

eleven / 11Sang penyiar mengatakan ia telah menghabiskan sebelas tahun untuk proyek itu.
four / 4Ia mengatakan empat tahun pertama hampir tidak ada penanaman.
forty-three / forty three / 43Ia mengatakan jumlah spesies burung naik dari sembilan belas menjadi empat puluh tiga.
two / 2Ia mengatakan hujan deras membuat sungai meluap melewati tepinya dua musim dingin lalu.
heronsIa mengatakan keluarga-keluarga bisa datang dan menyaksikan sendiri burung kuntul.
grassJalur itu berupa rumput kasar di sepanjang tepi sungai kecil.

Transkrip

Presenter: My guest today is Marisol Teixeira, a restoration ecologist who has spent eleven years bringing a drained river marsh back to life. Marisol, when people hear the word restoration, they picture planting. Is that the whole story?

Marisol: Far from it. In fact, our first four years involved hardly any planting at all. What we did was remove things. We blocked the drainage ditches and let the water return. Seeds had been lying dormant in the soil for decades, and once the ground was wet again, plants that nobody had seen since my grandmother's time simply reappeared.

Presenter: That sounds almost too easy.

Marisol: It would have been, had the water been clean. But the farmland upstream was washing fertiliser into the marsh, and that favoured a few aggressive reeds, which crowded out everything else. So we negotiated with the farmers to leave a strip of rough grass along the stream banks. Nobody was forced, and most agreed once they saw that the strip also reduced soil loss from their own fields.

Presenter: How do you know the project has worked? What counts as success?

Marisol: That's the hardest question, and I'd distrust anyone who gives a quick answer. We count bird species, which have risen from nineteen to forty-three, but birds can be misleading, because they fly in from elsewhere. I'm more reassured by the insects and the water quality, which respond to what's happening on the spot. And honestly, the real test is whether it still works after a flood.

Presenter: And has it been tested?

Marisol: Two winters ago, heavy rain pushed the river over its banks. The marsh absorbed so much of the water that the village downstream stayed dry, which, frankly, did more to win over the sceptics than any report I could have written.

Presenter: Were there people who opposed it?

Marisol: Plenty, at first. Some saw it as land going to waste. What changed minds wasn't an argument. It was the walking path. Once families could come and watch herons for themselves, the project stopped being mine and became theirs.

Presenter: If you could do it again, what would you change?

Marisol: I'd have started recording people's memories sooner. We kept careful data on plants, but almost none on what local people remembered of the old marsh, and some of the best guidance came from an elderly neighbour who recalled where the water used to pool. A great deal of knowledge was lost simply because we didn't think to ask.