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Joy English · 레벨 C1 · 환경joy-english.com

도시 열섬 현상에 관한 강의 발췌

이름:날짜:

한 대학 강사가 도시가 시골보다 더 따뜻한 이유를 설명하고, 가능한 해결책을 저울질하며, 누가 가장 큰 피해를 입는지 묻습니다.

오디오와 정답 확인: https://joy-english.com/ko/listening/urban-heat-island-lecture

태도, 의견, 추론

듣고 가장 알맞은 답을 고르십시오. 일부 답은 직접 언급되지 않습니다.

  1. What is the lecturer's main purpose in this extract?
    • a) To argue that cities should be abandoned in summer
    • b) To explain how air conditioners are designed
    • c) To introduce a familiar urban problem and assess ways of dealing with it
    • d) To compare city life with life in the countryside
  2. According to the lecturer, what is the main cause of the heat island effect?
    • a) The heat produced by engines and air conditioners
    • b) Surfaces that absorb sunlight and release the heat after dark
    • c) A lack of wind in the centre of cities
    • d) The large number of people living close together
  3. What does the lecturer imply when she says "Had planners understood all this a century ago"?
    • a) The problem might have been avoided with better knowledge
    • b) Planners a century ago deliberately ignored the evidence
    • c) Modern planners no longer face this problem
    • d) Older cities were cooler than modern ones
  4. What is the lecturer's attitude to planting trees?
    • a) It is the cheapest and fastest solution
    • b) It rarely makes any difference at all
    • c) It should be replaced by pale roofs everywhere
    • d) It is helpful, but only under certain conditions
  5. What disadvantage of pale roofs does she mention?
    • a) They make indoor rooms too cold
    • b) They cost more than planting trees
    • c) They can create glare for people in the street
    • d) They raise the temperature of nearby streets
  6. Why does she say the heat island is "a question of fairness"?
    • a) Rich neighbourhoods refuse to plant trees
    • b) The hottest areas are often home to people least able to cope
    • c) Older residents prefer hotter streets
    • d) Parks are always built in poorer areas
  7. Why does she mention cool rooms in libraries?
    • a) To suggest that libraries should stay open at night
    • b) To prove that technical solutions never work
    • c) To criticise cities that paint roofs white
    • d) To show that a simple, cheap measure can be valuable
  8. What does the lecturer ask the students to do for next week?
    • a) Compare two case studies and judge which approach is better
    • b) Paint a roof white and measure the result
    • c) Write a report on air conditioners
    • d) Interview residents of hot neighbourhoods

세부 내용 듣기

다시 듣고 빠진 단어나 숫자를 입력하세요. 숫자는 단어나 아라비아 숫자로 써도 됩니다.

  1. On a calm, clear night, a city can be as much as ___ degrees warmer than the countryside.
  2. Plants help to cool the air because they lose ___ through their leaves.
  3. A study of ___ districts tested the effect of pale roofs.
  4. Pale roofs lowered indoor temperatures by roughly ___ degrees.
  5. During heatwaves, some cities open cool rooms in public ___.

정답

태도, 의견, 추론

  1. c) To introduce a familiar urban problem and assess ways of dealing with it강사는 열섬 현상을 소개하고, 그 원인을 설명한 뒤, 단점을 포함해 여러 대응책을 저울질합니다.
  2. b) Surfaces that absorb sunlight and release the heat after dark강사는 엔진과 에어컨의 영향은 크지 않고, 더 큰 요인은 돌과 아스팔트 같은 표면이라고 말합니다.
  3. a) The problem might have been avoided with better knowledge“Had ... understood, they might have designed differently”라는 구조는 지식이 있었다면 이전의 설계가 더 나을 수 있었다는 것을 암시합니다.
  4. d) It is helpful, but only under certain conditions강사는 나무가 효과가 있지만 뿌리를 뻗을 공간과 물이 있는 곳에서만 그렇다고 말하며, 힘겹게 자라는 나무는 아무것도 식히지 못할 수 있다고 합니다.
  5. c) They can create glare for people in the street강사는 반사 표면이 눈부심을 거리로 튕겨 보낼 수 있어 보행자에게 이상적이지 않다고 말합니다.
  6. b) The hottest areas are often home to people least able to cope강사는 가장 더운 거리에 공원이 가장 적고, 그곳에 고령자와 저소득층 주민이 사는 경우가 많다고 지적합니다.
  7. d) To show that a simple, cheap measure can be valuable강사는 그 방들이 비용이 거의 들지 않으면서 생명을 구할 수 있다고 말하므로, 저비용의 비기술적 대응의 예가 됩니다.
  8. a) Compare two case studies and judge which approach is better강사는 사례 연구 두 편을 읽고 어느 접근법이 더 설득력 있다고 생각하는지, 그리고 왜 그런지 판단해 보라고 요청합니다.

세부 내용 듣기

  1. eight / 8강사는 그 차이가 최대 8도에 이를 수 있다고 말합니다.
  2. water강사는 식물이 잎으로 수분을 내보내며 이것이 공기 중의 열을 빼앗는다고 말합니다.
  3. twelve / 12강사가 언급한 연구는 12개 구역을 대상으로 했습니다.
  4. three / 3기온을 대략 3도 낮추었습니다.
  5. libraries강사는 일부 도시가 공공 도서관에 무더위 쉼터를 열었다고 말합니다.

스크립트

Doctor Haddad: Good morning, everyone. Today I want to look at a phenomenon that most of you will have felt without ever naming it: the urban heat island. In essence, a city is warmer than the countryside around it, and on a calm, clear night the difference can reach as much as eight degrees.

Doctor Haddad: Why does this happen? Not, as is often assumed, because cities generate so much heat of their own. Engines and air conditioners do contribute, but their share is modest. The larger factor is surface. Stone, brick and asphalt soak up sunlight all day and release it slowly after dark, whereas soil and vegetation stay cooler, partly because plants lose water through their leaves, which draws heat out of the air.

Doctor Haddad: Why does the night matter so much? Because the body needs a cool period in which to recover. When nights stay hot, people sleep badly, and the health effects build up over days rather than hours.

Doctor Haddad: Had planners understood all this a century ago, they might have designed very differently. Instead, we inherited streets lined with dark surfaces and hardly any shade. Rarely do we stop to consider that a single paved car park can raise the temperature of an entire neighbourhood by a degree or more.

Doctor Haddad: Now, a word of caution about the solutions. Planting trees is the obvious answer, and it does work, but only where there is room for roots and a reliable supply of water. A tree struggling in a narrow pavement pit may cool nothing at all. Pale roofs are cheaper and quicker. In a study of twelve districts, they lowered indoor temperatures by roughly three degrees. Yet reflective surfaces can also bounce glare into the street, which is hardly ideal for pedestrians.

Doctor Haddad: What I find most interesting, however, is the question of who bears the burden. Heat is not shared evenly. The hottest streets tend to be those with the fewest parks, and those are often where older residents and low-income families live. So the heat island is not merely an engineering puzzle; it is a question of fairness.

Doctor Haddad: I'm not suggesting that every problem has a technical fix. Some cities have simply opened cool rooms in public libraries during heatwaves, which costs very little and may well save lives. Others have asked residents to paint their own roofs white, with mixed results. For next week, I'd like you to read the two case studies on the reading list and decide which approach you find more convincing, and why.

Joy English · 무료 영어 연습 · https://joy-english.com/ko/listening/urban-heat-island-lecture