الضوضاء في المدن والصحة العامة

مفتاح الإجابات

1. Researchers have long known that loud environments irritate people, but the effects on physical health are only now becoming clear.'Have long known' مضارع تام مع ظرف. في 'Environments' يقع النبر على المقطع الثاني: en-VI-ron-ments.
2. Chronic exposure to traffic noise has been associated with disturbed sleep, raised blood pressure and heightened levels of stress.'Has been associated with' صيغة مبنية للمجهول. 'Chronic' تبدأ بصوت k.
3. Importantly, these associations remain even after researchers have accounted for income, age and the quality of housing.'Accounted for' تعني أُخذ في الحسبان. 'Associations' قد تُنطق بصوت s أو sh في الوسط، وتنتهي بـ 'shunz'.
4. Planners can reduce the problem by laying quieter surfaces on busy roads and keeping green space between homes and traffic.'By laying ... and keeping ...' تربط فعلين بصيغة -ing. 'Surfaces' تنتهي بـ -iz.
5. Even so, noise is rarely treated as seriously as air pollution, partly because its harm is so hard to see.'Even so' تعني رغم ذلك. 'As seriously as' مقارنة: 'az-seriously-az'.

Joy English · تدريب مجاني على الإنجليزية · https://joy-english.com/ar/listening-lessons/urban-noise-and-public-health