أخلاقيات الدفع الخفيف

مفتاح الإجابات

1. Governments increasingly rely on gentle nudges, such as placing healthier food at eye level, to steer people's choices without forbidding anything.“Such as” تقدّم مثالًا. بعد حرف الجر في “Without forbidding” تأتي صيغة -ing.
2. Supporters argue that such measures respect freedom, since the individual remains perfectly able to choose otherwise.“Since” هنا تعني لأن. “Otherwise” تعني بطريقة مختلفة.
3. Critics counter that a nudge works precisely because people fail to notice it, which sits uneasily with genuine consent.“Which” تشير إلى الفكرة السابقة كلها. “Sits uneasily” تعني لا تتلاءم براحة.
4. The question, then, is whether influence that bypasses deliberate thought can ever be justified, however benevolent its aims.“Deliberate” كصفة تنتهي بصوت schwa وليس “ate”. “However benevolent” تعني مهما كان خيّرًا.
5. Perhaps transparency offers a middle path: if the public knows how it is being nudged, the manipulation largely loses its sting.“Loses its sting” تعني يصبح أقل ضررًا. النقطتان تقدّمان التفسير.

Joy English · تدريب مجاني على الإنجليزية · https://joy-english.com/ar/listening-lessons/the-ethics-of-nudging